This content downloaded from 128.119.168.112 on Mon, 01 Aug 2016 23:57:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms RECTO RUNNING HEAD i Re-imagining Ukrainian Canadians History, Politics, and Identity Ukrainian immigrants to Canada have often been portrayed in history as sturdy pioneer farmers cultivating the virgin land of the Canadian west. The essays in this collection challenge this stereotype by exam- ining the varied experiences of Ukrainian Canadians in their day-to- day roles as writers, intellectuals, national organizers, working-class wage earners, and inhabitants of cities and towns. Throughout, the con- tributors remain dedicated to promoting the study of ethnic, hyphenated histories as major currents in mainstream Canadian history. Topics explored include Ukrainian-Canadian radicalism, the conse- quences of the Cold War for Ukrainians both at home and abroad, the creation and maintenance of ethnic memories, and community discord embodied by pro-Nazis, Communists, and criminals. Re-Imagining Ukrainian Canadians uses new sources and non-traditional methods of analysis to answer unstudied and often controversial questions within the field. Collectively, the essays challenge the older, essentialist defi- nition of what it means to be Ukrainian Canadian. rhonda l. hinther is the Western Canadian History curator at the Canadian Museum of Civilization. jim mochoruk is a professor in the Department of History at the Uni- versity of North Dakota. This content downloaded from 128.119.168.112 on Mon, 01 Aug 2016 23:57:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms This page intentionally left blank This content downloaded from 128.119.168.112 on Mon, 01 Aug 2016 23:57:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms RECTO RUNNING HEAD iii Re-imagining Ukrainian Canadians History, Politics, and Identity Edited by Rhonda L. Hinther and Jim Mochoruk UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London This content downloaded from 128.119.168.112 on Mon, 01 Aug 2016 23:57:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms iv VERSO RUNNING HEAD © University of Toronto Press Incorporated 2011 Toronto Buffalo London www.utppublishing.com Printed in Canada ISBN 978-1-4426-4134-1 (cloth) ISBN 978-1-4426-1062-0 (paper) Printed on acid-free and 100% post-consumer recycled paper with vegetable-based inks Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Re-imagining Ukrainian Canadians : history, politics, and identity / edited by Rhonda L. Hinther and Jim Mochoruk. (Canadian social history series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4426-4134-1 (bound) ISBN 978-1-4426-1062-0 (pbk.) 1. Ukrainian Canadians – History – 20th century. 2. Ukrainian Canadians – Politics and government – 20th century. 3. Ukrainian Canadians – Social conditions – 20th century. I. Hinther, Rhonda L., 1974– II. Mochoruk, James David, 1957– III. Series: Canadian social history series FC106.U5R44 2011 971'.00491791 C2010-905890-9 University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its pub- lishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund for its publishing activities. This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Fed- eration for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Aid to Scholarly Publications Program, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Hu- manities Research Council of Canada. This content downloaded from 128.119.168.112 on Mon, 01 Aug 2016 23:57:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms RECTO RUNNING HEAD v This volume is dedicated to one of the great unsung heroes of Ukrainian-Canadian scholarship: Myron Momryk. In a career spanning four decades, Myron has been a tireless advocate for multicultural his- tory, an archivist and scholar of Ukrainian and Canadian history, and perhaps most important, a mentor to entire generations of scholars of ethnicity in Canada. Without his efforts in acquiring, accessing, and disseminating many new and important archival collections, many of the articles in this book might never have been written. This content downloaded from 128.119.168.112 on Mon, 01 Aug 2016 23:57:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms This page intentionally left blank This content downloaded from 128.119.168.112 on Mon, 01 Aug 2016 23:57:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms RECTO RUNNING HEAD vii Contents Acknowledgments / ix Introduction / 3 Jim Mochoruk and Rhonda L. Hinther Part One: New Approaches to Old Questions 1 Generation Gap: Canada’s Postwar Ukrainian Left / 23 Rhonda L. Hinther 2 Locating Identity: The Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village as a Public History Text / 54 Karen Gabert 3 ‘A Vaguely Divided Guilt’: The Aboriginal Ukrainian / 85 Lindy Ledohowski Part Two: Leaders and Intellectuals 4 ‘Great Tasks and a Great Future’: Paul Rudyk, Pioneer Ukrainian-Canadian Entrepreneur and Philanthropist / 107 Peter Melnycky 5 The Populist Patriot: The Life and Literary Legacy of Illia Kiriak / 129 Jars Balan 6 Sympathy for the Devil: The Attitude of Ukrainian War Veterans in Canada to Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1933–1939 / 173 Orest T. Martynowych This content downloaded from 128.119.168.112 on Mon, 01 Aug 2016 23:57:11 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms viii CONTENTS Part Three: Diplomacy and International Concerns 7 The ‘Ethnic Question’ Personified: Ukrainian Canadians and Canadian–Soviet Relations 1917–1991 / 223 Jaroslav Petryshyn 8 Monitoring the ‘Return to the Homeland’ Campaign: Canadian Reports on Resettlement in the USSR from South America, 1955–1957 / 257 Serge Cipko 9 Polishing the Soviet Image: The Canadian–Soviet Friendship Society and the ‘Progressive Ethnic Groups,’ 1949–1957 / 279 Jennifer Anderson Part Four: Internal Strife on the Left 10 ‘Pop & Co’ versus Buck and the ‘Lenin School Boys’: Ukrainian Canadians and the Communist Party of Canada, 1921–1931 / 331 Jim Mochoruk 11 Fighting for the Soul of the Ukrainian Progressive Movement in Canada: The Lobayites and the Ukrainian Labour-Farmer Temple Association / 376 Andrij Makuch Part Five: Everyday People 12 ‘Of course it was a Communist Hall’: A Spatial, Social, and Political History of the Ukrainian Labour Temples in Ottawa, 1912–1965 / 403 S. Holyck Hunchuck 13 ‘I’ll Fix You!’: Domestic Violence and Murder in a Ukrainian Working-Class Immigrant Community in Northern Ontario / 436 Stacey Zembrzycki Conclusion / 465 Jim Mochoruk and Rhonda L. Hinther Contributors List / 469 Index / 473 This content downloaded from 128.119.168.112 on Mon, 01 Aug 2016 23:57:11 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms RECTO RUNNING HEAD ix Acknowledgments This volume is the result of what we have come to view as an excellent example of scholarly collaboration and hard work on the part of many individuals. We would especially like to thank our contributors first for providing such excellent pieces of work and second, for consistently re- sponding to our requests for revisions in a timely and enthusiastic man- ner. Two of Canada’s foremost scholars of ethnicity, Franca Iacovetta and Frances Swyripa, must also be singled out for praise. Despite in- credibly busy work schedules they both took the time to offer careful and thoughtful feedback that helped to strengthen the book’s introduc- tion. The constructive and insightful commentaries offered by the manuscript’s two anonymous reviewers were also of enormous help. And, as is always the case, the authors and editors owe an immense debt of gratitude to the librarians and archivists who aided the research process in a host of locations across Canada – and beyond. We also cannot say enough about Len Husband at the University of Toronto Press (UTP) for his constant encouragement and assistance throughout this book’s various stages of development. His willingness to assist with all issues, be they great or small, was much appreciated. Others at UTP, especially Frances Mundy, also offered wise counsel that helped to smooth the later stages of the publication process. The Social Science and Humanities Research Council’s Aid-to-Publication provided the all important financial aid that has made publication of this volume possible. This content downloaded from 128.119.168.112 on Mon, 01 Aug 2016 23:55:18 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would also like to thank our families for their support of this project, which demanded long working hours and, in Rhonda’s case, travel and much time away from home. Rhonda would especially like to thank Aaron Floresco, Evelyn Hinther, Lynne Onofreychuk, Keegan Onofreychuk, and Sophie Skolny for their support and assistance. She would also like to acknowledge the support of the History and Arche- ology Department at the Canadian Museum of Civilization for helping to make this project possible. As for Jim, it is the forbearance, love, and support of Mary, Kaitlin, Brendan, and Colleen Mochoruk that has made his involvement in this project possible. He would also like to thank his colleagues in the History Department at the University of North Dakota for offering critical insights and more importantly, for consistently providing an atmosphere of intellectual challenge and collegiality. Finally, we would also like to thank Myron Momryk. His role – as an archivist, scholar, mentor, friend, and colleague – was the inspiration for this volume. Thank you, Myron, for all your work in bringing so much Ukrainian Canadian history to light. This content downloaded from 128.119.168.112 on Mon, 01 Aug 2016 23:55:18 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms RECTO RUNNING HEAD 1 Re-imagining Ukrainian Canadians History, Politics, and Identity This content downloaded from 128.119.168.112 on Mon, 01 Aug 2016 23:55:18 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms This page intentionally left blank This content downloaded from 128.119.168.112 on Mon, 01 Aug 2016 23:55:18 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms RECTO RUNNING HEAD 3 Introduction Jim Mochoruk and Rhonda L.