THE NEED FOR SACRIFICE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT IN JOHN GRISHAM’S THE RACKETEER (2012): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH PUBLICATION ARTICLE Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department by ARUM AGISTINA A 320 120 290 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2016 i ii iii THE NEED FOR SACRIFICE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT IN JOHN GRISHAM’S THE RACKETEER (2012): A SOCILOGICAL APPROACH ABSTRAK Studi ini adalah tentang The Need for Sacrifice in Law Enforcement in John Grisham’s The Racketeer (2012) yang di analisis menggunakan pendekatan Sisiologis. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui masalah yang timbul dalam penegakan hukum, menganalisis siapa saja penghalang dalam penegakan hukum dan cara mencegah hambatan dalam proses penegakan hukum. Keprihatinan penulis tentang penegakan hukum berdasarkan pendekatan sosiologis oleh Swingewood and Laurenson. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif. Data primer dari penelitian ini adalah novel karya John Grisham berjudul The Racketeer yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2012, sementara data sekunder dari penelitian ini diambil dari beberapa essay, kritik, komentar, informasi sejarah, biodata John Grisham, website, internet dan beberapa informasi lain. Peneliti menarik tiga kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini. Pertama adalah masalah yang timbul dalam penegakan hukum terdiri dari perlakuan yang tidak adil, tidak cukup bukti dan administrasi yang tidak profesional. Kedua adalah yang berdiri melawan penegak hukum adalah pengacara yang tidak jujur, agen FBI, hakim yang korup, dan jaksa yang korup. Ketiga adalah cara mencegah hambatan dalam proses penegakan hukum adalah dengan bukti yang kuat dan menerapkan kedisiplinan dari masing-masing petugas hukum. Kata Kunci: The Racketeer, Pegorbanan, Penegakan Hukum, Pendekatan Sosiologis ABSTRACT This study is about The Need for Sacrifice in Law Enforcement (2012) which is analyzed by using Socilogical Approach. The objective of the study are to know what problem arising in law enforcement is, to analyze who becomes a barrier in law enforcement and to know how to people cope with the obstacle in law enforcement. The researcher concerns about law enforcement based on Socilogical approach by Swingewood and Laurensoon. This research belongs to qualitative research. The primary data of this research is The Racketeer by John Grisham’s in 2012, while the secondary data of this research are take from other source likely essay, critics, comments, historical information, biography of John Grisham, website, internet and other information. The researcher draws three conclution in this research. First , problems arising in law enforcement consist of the unfair treatment, insufficient efidence and unproffesional administration. Second , those standing against law enforcement are corrupt lawyer, FBI agent, corrupt judge and prosecutor. Third, coping with the obstacle consists of the sufficient evidence and applying disciplene of legal officer. Keywords: The Racketeer, Sacrifice, Law Enforcement, Sociological Approach 1 1. INTRODUCTION The Racketeer is a recommended novel to be read because it has great moral value. It tells about law enforcement in the real world. John Grisham writes this novel. He is a great writer in a thriller novel. He serves this story by using sociological approach as a lawyer, so we can apply the perception of law enforcement. The words chosen make the reader understand what the researcher exactly going to say. The Racketeer was published on October 23, 2012. This novel tells about law enforcement in this real world. It is tell about lawyer, FBI agents, judges and prosecutor. The Racketeer describes the life of a lawyer Malcolm Bannister that gets the sacrifice in law enforcement. He lost of career, job and family. Dionne as the Bannister wife divorces him because he is in prison for ten years, Dionnes married again with other man. In prison with other convict, Bannister knows who killed Judge Fawcett and he knows why. The judge’s body was found in his remote lakeside cabin. There are no forced entry and no struggle, just two dead bodies: Judge Fawcett and his young secretary. The FBI would love to know, and Malcolm Bannister would tell them. But everything has a price, especially information as explosive as the sequence of events that led to Judge Fawcett’s death. The novel ends with Bannister celebrating with the Rucker family in his new house in Antigua, with all the gold. Before the researcher writes this paper, several writers have analyzed about John Grisham novel. There is no same with previous research because it mostly different research. Those several research is the description between British-English and American-English Slangs in the John Grisham’s Novel The Racketeer. In this paper, the researcher explains this novel by using Sociological approach. This theory proposed by Swingewood and Laurenson. The researcher do choose this theory among several theories about law enforcement because this is most apropriate one to analyze The Racketeer. Swingewood and Laurenson has state three types of sociology of literature: (1) sociology of the writer, (2) sociology of the society and (3) sociology of the readers. Welek and Waren also has three classified sociology of literature, there are sociology of the researcher, sociology of the work and sociology of the audience. In this paper, the researcher discuss John Grisham novel The Racketeer by finding to the type of sociology of the writers and sociology of the society. The researcher focusing on the sociology of the researcher that tells about provenance, status, social ideology, profession and institution of literature. 2. RESEARCH METHOD The type of research method is qualitative research. Object of the study is divided into two, formal object and material object. The formal object is law enforcement. The material object is a novel written by John Grisham’s The Racketeer. This novel was published in 2012. The novel consists of 383 pages. This paper focuses on the law enforcement which spreads in every chapter of the novel. There are two data sources which are needed to conduct this research. They are primary data 2 sources and secondary data sources. The primary data source of the study is the Racketeer novel by John Grisham. Secondary data source are take from other source likely essay, critics, comments, historical information, biography of John Grisham, website, internet and other information. In collecting data, the researcher takes some steps as follow: 1) Note taking , 2) Library research that consist of (a) Reading the novel repeatedly to get deep understanding, (b) determining the character that will be analyzed, (c) reading some related books to find out the theory, data and information required, (d) taking notes of important part in both primary data and secondary data sources, (e) classifying and determining the relevant data, and (f) arranging researching and developing the selected material into good unity toward the topic of the study. The technique of data analysis, the researcher uses three processes which relate to each other, such as data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing 3. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Problem Arising in Law Enforcement Problem arising in law enforcement consists of unfair treatment, insufficient evidence and unprofessional administration. The problem must be addressed immediatelly in order to create law enforcement are beneficial to society. a. The Unfair Treatment The first problem arising in law enforcement is unfair treatment. The rights of others should be protected affectively and professionally by the state. The resistance unfair to the victim is the problem arising in law enforcement. “Judges sometimes ignored them in court and ruled against them for no sound legal reason. Other lawyers were often rude and unprofessional. The county bar association did not invite them to join. Clerks sometimes lost their filings. All-white juries did not believe them. Worst of all, clients did not hire them. Black clients. No white client would hire a black lawyer in the 1970s, in the South anyway, and this still hasn’t changed much. But Copeland & Reed nearly went under in its infancy because black folks thought the white lawyers were better. Hard work and a commitment to professionalism changed this, but slowly” (TR:10). Grisham wants to convey that the problem in law enforcement is injustice. The law enforcement should be fair and balance, but many people buy the law enforcement by the money in now days. There are corruptions in law enforcement and it is only concerned with self interest. Law enforcement works for the money not for justice. In this case, Grisham tells us about the judge who ignores a justice. Mostly, lawyers defend people who have much money than defending the truth. This is an injustice for the people who do not know about the law and minority communities that do not have money. Law enforcement should work fairly and wisely. “During my prosecution, it was painful watching their good names get dragged through the mud, and it was so senseless. When I was on the ropes, the lead FBI 3 agent informed me that Mr. Copeland and Mr. Reed were going to be indicted if I didn’t plead guilty and cooperate with the U.S. Attorney. I thought it was a bluff, but I had no way of knowing for sure. I told him to go to hell” (TR:12). The main character in this novel is also forced to plead guilty, even though he is not. He tells a lie in order to save his friends. In this case the main character figures showed that law enforcement gets problematic. This is the unfair treatment that the author explains through the plot of the novel. Law enforcement should be fair, but in fact law enforcement threatened the main character to plead guilty. This is an example of injustice in law enforcement. b. Insufficient Evidence Insufficient evidence is the second problem arising in law enforcement. This issue makes an innocent person could be imprisoned because evidence is important.