EXPLORATORY RESEARCH DRAFT VERSION FOR WORKSHOP 1 Vehicles and operations specificities Deliverable ID: D3.2 Dissemination Level: [PU/CO/CL] Project Acronym: ECHO Grant: [890417-ECHO] Call: [H2020-SESAR-2019-1] [European Concept of operations for Higher Topic: airspace Operations] Consortium Coordinator: [EUROCONTROL] Edition date: [15 June 2021] Edition: [00.02.00] Template Edition: 02.00.02 VEHICLES AND OPERATIONS SPECIFICITIES Abstract The Vehicles and Operations Specificities (D3.2) document describes the preliminary results of tasks 3.2 to 3.6 intended to collection of data on overall identified vehicles and operations for ECHO. As part of those tasks, a categories breakdown has been developed, covering foreseen main categories and sub categories or additional categories which have been developed during the survey. This document is not yet a synthesis of the demand but it confirms that preliminary breakdown in high speed, low speed, very high speed operations seem adequate and can start to feed the ConOps (WP4), in anticipation to Demand Synthesis (D3.3) document to be issued after ECHO Worshop#1. Because of the projection in the future, most of the result are expressed in ranges assumption based on reference projects, currently known or conceptual. 2 VEHICLES AND OPERATIONS SPECIFICITIES Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................2 1 General definitions .......................................................................................................5 1.1 Objectives of the demand analysis for vehicles and operations within ECHO WP3 ...........5 1.2 ECHO accessible data base for WP3............................................................................7 1.3 D3.1 scenarios use case and design output .................................................................7 1.4 Tasks 3.2 to 3.6 for vehicles and operations data collection ..........................................8 2 Vehicles and operations categories ..............................................................................9 2.1 Preliminary breakdown used for tasks allocation.........................................................9 2.2 Detailed breakdown resulting from WP3 tasks progress ...............................................9 2.3 Categorization by crossed geophysical domains ........................................................ 14 2.4 Vehicles and operations volumes and timelines ........................................................ 16 2.5 Flight domains physical limits.................................................................................. 19 2.6 Vehicles and operations classification by air speed .................................................... 20 3 Preliminary demand estimations................................................................................ 21 3.1 Identified sectors ................................................................................................... 21 3.2 Speed characteristic related to flight domain ............................................................ 21 3.3 Other main characteristics with regards to HATM ...................................................... 22 3.4 Fleets characteristics .............................................................................................. 24 3.5 Other elements ..................................................................................................... 24 3.6 Use of the data sheets ............................................................................................ 24 Appendix A category description sheets template ........................................................ 25 A.1 Sector description .................................................................................................. 25 A.2 Vehicles description ............................................................................................... 27 A.3 Operations description ........................................................................................... 29 Appendix B List of vehicles and operations description sheets ...................................... 31 B.1 High Altitude Platform System (HAPS)...................................................................... 32 B.2 Aero-launched....................................................................................................... 32 B.3 Launchers (added) ................................................................................................. 32 B.4 A to A suborbital.................................................................................................... 32 B.5 A to B suborbital.................................................................................................... 32 B.6 From orbit ............................................................................................................ 32 3 VEHICLES AND OPERATIONS SPECIFICITIES List of Tables Table 1: HAPS sector specific demand scenarios ....................................................................... 17 Table 2: Launch vehicle sector specific demand scenarios .......................................................... 18 Table 3: A to A suborbital vehicle sector specific demand scenarios............................................. 18 Table 4: A to B suborbital vehicle sector specific demand scenarios ............................................. 18 Table 5: From orbit vehicle sector specific demand scenarios ..................................................... 19 List of Figures Figure 1 - HAPS subcategories, operations and timelines............................................................ 10 Figure 2 - Aero Launch subcategories, operations and timelines.................................................. 10 Figure 3 - Direct Launch subcategories, operations and timelines ................................................ 11 Figure 4 - A to A single stage to sub orbit subcategories, operations and timelines ........................ 11 Figure 5 - A to A multiple stages to sub orbit subcategories, operations and timelines.................... 12 Figure 6 - A to B single stage to sub orbit subcategories, operations and timelines......................... 12 Figure 7 - A to B multiple stages to sub orbit subcategories, operations and timelines.................... 13 Figure 8 - From orbit subcategories, operations and timelines .................................................... 13 Figure 9 - Geophysical domains crossed by flying vehicles .......................................................... 15 Figure 10 - Preliminary operations classification based on crossed Geophysical domains vehicles [In this figure the “Karman Line” is only meant to indicate a reference for the mesosphere’s upper boundary] ........................................................................................................................... 16 Figure 11 - Civil and military applications entry into service in higher airspace .............................. 17 Figure 12 - Flight domains physical limits ................................................................................. 19 Figure 13 – HAO new entrants’ speeds versus altitudes ............................................................. 20 Figure 14 - Vehicles and operations classification by air speed .................................................... 20 Figure 15 - Vehicle/operation geophysical categories sorted by ‘controllability’ ............................ 23 4 VEHICLES AND OPERATIONS SPECIFICITIES 1 General definitions 1.1 Objectives of the demand analysis for vehicles and operations within ECHO WP3 The need is to ensure that all the vehicles transit through controlled airspace to their mission areas, maintaining safety and interoperability with respect of awaited performances and environment sustainability. Such need can be depicted in: Functionalities, requirements, constraints and solutions linked to each type of vehicle and operations, tentatively grouped in categories reflecting operational environment, operating methods, safety requirements, performances, sustainability, interoperability…, Market and business elements, including constraints, accommodation integration in existing framework, Time frames. The approach within ECHO WP3 is: Conduct vehicle and operations analysis, Assess the demand over time, starting from the near term (first operations), Defining a suitable phasing for the ConOps. This objective is achieved by following a process bottom up and top down. The comprehensive analysis includes: All expected types of vehicles and operation, All phases of flight, including preparation, All nominal and non-nominal situations, All interfaces with and between operators and traffic management environments. The process covers and describes specificities and needs for all identified types of vehicles and operations, as there are at least (to be extended if needed): High Altitude Platform Systems flights, Aero-launched (suborbital or orbital) flights, A to A suborbital flights, A to B suborbital flights, and From orbit flights. It is based on collection of individual assumptions and analysis, covering: Nominal operations (including preparation and flight execution, type, volumes, density, characteristics, performances), 5 VEHICLES AND OPERATIONS SPECIFICITIES Non-nominal operations, malfunctions and failure modes requesting quick actions as return to base, activation of contingency procedures or implementation