LinKS project gender, biodiversity and local knowledge systems for food security Biodiversity•Gender•Knowledge Scoping study of local knowledge in relation to management of agrobiodiversity and food security in Southern Highlands and Central zones - Tanzania Evelyne A. Lazaro March Report n° 1 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS.............ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................V LIST OF APPENDICES ..............................................................VI LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................ VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................ VIII 1 BACKGROUND .....................................................................1 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 Seed........................................................................................................ 1 1.3 Local Knowledge................................................................................... 1 1.4 Biodiversity and Agro-biodiversity...................................................... 2 2 METHODOLOGY ...................................................................3 2.1 The study area....................................................................................... 3 2.2 Data collection....................................................................................... 3 2.2.1 Secondary data ............................................................................................ 3 2.2.2 Primary data ................................................................................................. 3 2.2.3 Sampling....................................................................................................... 4 2.2.4 Direct observations....................................................................................... 4 2.2.5 Enterprise ranking ........................................................................................ 4 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCTION/FARMING SYSTEMS........5 3.1 Production/Farming Systems in the Central Zone ............................. 5 3.1.1 Major food crops........................................................................................... 6 3.1.2 Major cash crops .......................................................................................... 8 3.1.3 Cropping pattern........................................................................................... 9 3.1.4 Livestock....................................................................................................... 9 3.1.5 Non-farm activities........................................................................................ 9 3.2 Production/Farming systems in the Southern Highlands Zone........ 9 3.2.1 Food crops.................................................................................................. 10 3.2.2 Major cash crops ........................................................................................ 10 3.2.3 Cropping patterns ....................................................................................... 11 3.2.4 Livestock..................................................................................................... 12 3.2.5 Non-farm activities...................................................................................... 12 4 SEED SECURITY.................................................................13 4.1 Seed industry and seed systems in Tanzania .................................. 13 4.2 Availability and access of seed.......................................................... 14 4.2.1 Seed sources.............................................................................................. 14 4.2.2 Problems experienced by farmers in accessing seeds of improved varieties 16 4.2.3 Seed and cultivar selection......................................................................... 17 4.2.4 Gender and seed management.................................................................. 18 4.2.5 Socio-economic status and seed security .................................................. 19 4.2.6 Seed storage systems ................................................................................ 19 ii 4.2.7 Local knowledge with regard to seed management ................................... 21 4.2.8 Problems and potential solutions in seed management ............................. 21 5 POTENTIAL PARTNERS FOR RESEARCH IN SEED MANAGEMENT ...................................................................23 5.1 Norwegian Peoples Aid – (NPA)......................................................... 27 5.1.1 Activities, approach used and location ....................................................... 27 5.1.2 Experiences and lessons............................................................................ 27 5.2 ASPS-Seed Component...................................................................... 27 5.2.1 Activities, approach used and location ....................................................... 27 5.2.2 Experiences and lessons............................................................................ 28 5.3 Christian Council of Tanzania/Dioceses of Central Tanganyika (CCT/DCT) ............................................................................................ 28 5.3.1 Activities, approach used and location ....................................................... 28 5.3.2 Experiences and lessons............................................................................ 29 5.4 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) ............................................................................................. 29 5.4.1 Activities, approach used and location ....................................................... 29 5.4.2 Experiences and lessons............................................................................ 29 5.5 Lay Volunteer International Association (LVIA) ............................... 29 5.5.1 Activities, approach used and location ....................................................... 29 5.5.2 Experiences and lessons............................................................................ 30 5.6 Participatory Irrigation Development Programme (PIDP)................ 30 5.6.1 Activities, approach used and location ........................................................... 30 5.6.2 Experiences and lessons............................................................................ 30 5.7 World Vision Tanzania (WVT)............................................................. 30 5.7.1 Activities, approach used and location ...................................................... 30 5.7.2. Experiences and lessons .............................................................................. 30 5.8 Mpambaa Seed Farm .......................................................................... 31 5.8.1 Activities, approach used and location ....................................................... 31 5.8.2 Experiences and lessons............................................................................ 31 5.9 Local Management of Natural Resource Programme (LAMP)......... 31 5.9.1 Activities, approach used and location ....................................................... 31 5.9.2 Experiences and lessons............................................................................ 31 5.10 CARITAS Diocese of Mbeya .............................................................. 31 5.10.1 Activities, approach used and location......................................................... 31 5.10.2 Experiences and lessons ............................................................................. 32 5.11 Tanganyika Farmers’ Association (TFA)........................................... 32 5.11.1 Activities, approach used and location ....................................................... 32 5.11.2 Experiences and lessons............................................................................ 32 5.12 Agricultural Development Programme Trust Fund, Isangati (ADP Isangati) ............................................................................................... 32 5.12.1 Activities, approach used and location ....................................................... 32 5.12.2 Experiences and lessons............................................................................ 32 5.13 INCOMET.............................................................................................. 33 5.13.1 Activities, approach used and location......................................................... 33 5.14 Ileje District Rural Development Trust Fund (IRDTF)....................... 33 5.14.1 Activities, approach used and location ....................................................... 33 5.14.2 Experiences and lessons............................................................................ 33 iii 5.15 Mbozi District Agricultural Development Programme Trust Fund, (ADP Mbozi) ......................................................................................... 33 5.15.1 Activities, approach used and location ....................................................... 33 5.15.2 Experiences and lessons............................................................................ 33 5.16 Dabaga Foundation Seed Farm......................................................... 34 5.16.1 Activities, approach used and location