Index 11Ð6 <<= operator 5Ð15 , ± see comma operator <= ± see less than or equal to operator ! ± see logical negation operator = ± see assignment operator != ± see inequality operator == ± see equality operator # operator 16Ð5 > ± see greater than operator ## operator 16Ð6 >= ± see greater than or equal operator % ± see modulus operator >> ± see right shift operator %= operator 5Ð15 >>= operator 5Ð15 & ?: ± see conditional expression operator ± see address-of operator [] ± see bitwise AND operator ± see subscripting operator reference declarator 8Ð4 array declarator 8Ð6 && ± see logical AND operator \ ± see backslash &= operator 5Ð15 ^ ± see bitwise exclusive OR operator () ^= operator 5Ð15 ± see function call operator _ function declarator 8Ð7 underscore character 2Ð4 * underscore in identifier 2Ð4 ± see indirection operator {} ± see multiplication operator block statement 6Ð2 pointer declarator 8Ð4 class declaration 9Ð1 *= operator 5Ð15 class definition 9Ð1 + enum declaration 7Ð6 ± see addition operator initializer list 8Ð11 ± see unary plus operator | ± see bitwise inclusive OR operator ++ ± see increment operator |= operator 5Ð15 += operator 5Ð7, 5Ð15 || ± see logical OR operator - ~ ± see subtraction operator ± see destructor ± see unary minus operator ± see one’s complement operator -- ± see decrement operator 0 -= operator 5Ð15 ± see also zero, null -> ± see class member access operator null character 2Ð8 ->* ± see pointer to member operator string terminator 2Ð8 . ± see class member access operator .* ± see pointer to member operator ... ± see ellipsis A / ± see division operator abort() 3Ð4, 15Ð5 /* */ comment 2Ð4 // Ð abstract comment 2 4 Ð /= Ð class 10 8 operator 5 15 Ð : class, constructor and 10 9 class, pointer to 10Ð9 field declaration 9Ð10 abstract-declarator 8Ð2 label specifier 6Ð1 access :: ± see scope resolution operator adjusting base class member 11Ð3 ::*, pointer to member declarator 8Ð5 ambiguity, member 10Ð4 < ± see less than operator and friend, class 11Ð6 << ± see left shift operator and friend function 11Ð5 2 Index DRAFT September 28, 1993 base class 11Ð2 cast of pointer to member 19Ð13 base class member 10Ð1 free store and constructor 19Ð13 class member 5Ð4 free store and destructor 19Ð13 control 11Ð1 memory management 19Ð13 control, anonymous union 9Ð9 nonnested class 19Ð14 control default 11Ð1 old style base class initializer 19Ð13 control, member function and 12Ð1 old style function definition 19Ð12 control, overloading resolution and 10Ð4 overload keyword 19Ð12 declaration 11Ð3 pointer to member conversion 19Ð13 declaration, overloaded name and 11Ð5 scope of nested class 19Ð14 default assignment operator 12Ð12 this and constructor 19Ð13 default copy constructor 12Ð12 this and destructor 19Ð13 example, member name 11Ð3 AND member name 11Ð1 operator, bitwise 5Ð13 overloading and 13Ð3 operator, logical 5Ð14 protected member 11Ð7 operator, side effects and logical 5Ð14 specifier 11Ð1, 11Ð2 anonymous specifier and friend 11Ð6 union 9Ð9 specifier and object layout 11Ð2 union access control 9Ð9 struct default member 9Ð1 union, extension to C 19Ð2 union default member 9Ð1 union, global 9Ð9 virtual function 11Ð7 union restriction 9Ð9 access-specifier 10Ð1 ANSI addition operator 5Ð11 C headers 2Ð5 additive operator 5Ð11 C summary, compatibility with 19Ð2 additive-expression 5Ð11 argc 3Ð3 address argument 1Ð3 of bit-field 9Ð10 class object as 12Ð9 of bit-field restriction 9Ð10 conversion 5Ð4, 8Ð7 of constructor 12Ð2 evaluation, order of 5Ð4 of overloaded function 5Ð6, 13Ð6 evaluation, unspecified order of 5Ð4 of qualified name 5Ð6 list, empty 8Ð7 address-of operator 5Ð6 list, variable 8Ð7 adjusting base class member access 11Ð3 matching ± see overloading resolution adjustment passing 5Ð3 array parameter 8Ð7 passing, reference and 8Ð13 function parameter 8Ð7 reference 5Ð3 aggregate 8Ð11 substitution 16Ð5 alert 2Ð7 to constructor, unspecified 5Ð8 alignment type checking 5Ð3 of array 5Ð10 type conversion 12Ð3 of bit-field 9Ð10 type, unknown 8Ð7 of bit-field, implementation dependency 9Ð10 argv[] 3Ð3 of class 5Ð10 arithmetic of class member 5Ð10 conversion 4Ð2 requirement, implementation dependency 3Ð5 exception 5Ð1 restriction 5Ð10 exception, implementation dependency 5Ð1 allocation extension to C single precision 19Ð2 function 12Ð6 pointer 5Ð11, 5Ð12 implementation dependency 9Ð4, 11Ð2 single precision floating point 4Ð2 implementation dependency base class 10Ð2 type 3Ð5 implementation dependency bit-field 9Ð10 unsigned 3Ð5 new, storage 5Ð7 array ambiguity alignment of 5Ð10 base class member 10Ð4 const 7Ð5 class conversion 10Ð5 constructor and 5Ð8 declaration type 7Ð1 declaration 8Ð6 declaration versus cast 8Ð3 declarator [] 8Ð6 declaration versus expression 6Ð6 declarator, multidimensional 8Ð6 detection, overloaded function 13Ð3 default constructor and 5Ð8 function declaration 8Ð11 example 8Ð6 if-else 6Ð3 initialization 8Ð11 member access 10Ð4 member 9Ð4 parentheses and 5Ð8 multidimensional 8Ð6 pointer conversion 4Ð3 new 5Ð8 pointer to member conversion 4Ð3 of class objects and constructor 12Ð9 reference conversion 4Ð3 of class objects and default constructor 12Ð9 resolution, scoping 10Ð4 of class objects and new 5Ð8 anachronism 19Ð12 of class objects initialization 8Ð12, 12Ð9 C function definition 19Ð12 order of execution, constructor and 12Ð2 assignment to this 19Ð13 order of execution, destructor and 12Ð5 DRAFT September 28, 1993 Index 3 overloading and pointer versus 13Ð2 class initializer 8Ð10 parameter adjustment 8Ð7 class initializer anachronism, old style 19Ð13 pointer conversion 4Ð3 class member access 10Ð1 size, default 8Ð6 class member access, adjusting 11Ð3 sizeof 5Ð7 class member ambiguity 10Ð4 storage of 8Ð7 class object, assignment 5Ð15 type 3Ð6 class pointer conversion 4Ð3 arrow operator ± see class member access operator class, private 11Ð2 asm class, public 11Ð2 declaration 7Ð8 class, reference to 4Ð3 implementation dependency 7Ð8 class virtual ± see virtual base class assembler 7Ð8 of integer literal 2Ð6 assignment base-specifier 10Ð1 and initialization, overloaded 12Ð9 base-specifier-list 10Ð1 and lvalue 5Ð15 Ben 13Ð2 base class object 5Ð15 binary const pointer 5Ð15 operator, interpretation of 13Ð7 conversion by 5Ð15 operator, overloaded 13Ð7 derived class object 5Ð15 binding expression 5Ð15 ± see virtual function, dynamic extension to C memberwise 19Ð2 default parameter 8Ð9 member 12Ð12 bit-field 9Ð10 memberwise 13Ð7 address of 9Ð10 of class object 12Ð13 alignment of 9Ð10 of derived class to base class 12Ð13 allocation, implementation dependency 9Ð10 operator 5Ð15, 12Ð12 declaration 9Ð10 operator access, default 12Ð12 implementation dependency alignment of 9Ð10 operator, default 13Ð7 implementation dependency sign of 9Ð10 operator, default 12Ð12, 12Ð13 layout 9Ð10 operator, overloaded 13Ð7 restriction 9Ð10 operator restriction, default 12Ð12 restriction, address of 9Ð10 pointer to const 5Ð15 restriction, pointer to 9Ð10 pointer to member 5Ð15 type of 9Ð10 pointer to volatile 5Ð15 unnamed 9Ð10 reference 8Ð13 zero width of 9Ð10 to class object 5Ð15 bitwise to pointer 5Ð15 AND operator 5Ð13 to pointer to member 5Ð15 exclusive OR operator 5Ð14 to pointer to member, zero 5Ð15 inclusive OR operator 5Ð14 to pointer, zero 5Ð15 operator 5Ð13 to reference 5Ð15 block to this anachronism 19Ð13 initialization in 6Ð6 volatile pointer 5Ð15 scope ± see local scope assignment-expression 5Ð15 statement {} 6Ð2 assignment-operator 5Ð15 structure 6Ð5 atexit() 3Ð4 body, function 8Ð10 auto bound pointer to member function, undefined 19Ð13 destruction of 6Ð5, 6Ð6 break statement 6Ð5 initialization 6Ð6 built-in type ± see fundamental type object initialization 8Ð10 byte 5Ð7 restriction 7Ð2 specifier 7Ð2 storage class 3Ð4 C C anonymous union, extension to 19Ð2 B class, extension to 19Ð2 backslash character 2Ð7 const, extension to 19Ð2 backspace 2Ð7 dangerous extension to 19Ð12 base declaration statement, extension to 19Ð2 class 10Ð1, 10Ð3 delete, extension to 19Ð2 class access 11Ð2 destructor, extension to 19Ð2 class allocation, implementation dependency 10Ð2 expression evaluation, difference from 19Ð1 class, assignment of derived class to 12Ð13 extension to 1Ð1, 19Ð1, 19Ð2 class cast 5Ð10 function definition anachronism 19Ð12 class constructor order of execution 12Ð2 headers, ANSI 2Ð5 class destructor order of execution 12Ð5 implementation dependency extension to 19Ð12 class, direct 10Ð1 inline function, extension to 19Ð2 class, indirect 10Ð1 linkage to 7Ð8 class initialization 12Ð9, 12Ð10 memberwise assignment, extension to 19Ð2 class initialization, order of 12Ð10 memberwise initialization, extension to 19Ð2 4 Index DRAFT September 28, 1993 multiple inheritance, extension to 19Ð2 abstract 10Ð8 new, extension to 19Ð2 access and friend 11Ð6 overloading delete, extension to 19Ð2 alignment of 5Ð10 overloading, extension to 19Ð2 anachronism, nonnested 19Ð14 overloading new, extension to 19Ð2 and type 9Ð1 pointer to member, extension to 19Ð2 base ± see base class protected, extension to 19Ð2 cast to undefined 5Ð10 reference type, extension to 19Ð2 constructor and abstract 10Ð9 scope, difference from 19Ð1 conversion 12Ð3 single precision arithmetic, extension to 19Ð2 conversion ambiguity 10Ð5 sizeof, difference from 19Ð1 declaration, forward 9Ð2, 10Ð1 summary, compatibility with 19Ð1 declaration syntax summary 18Ð9 summary, compatibility with ANSI 19Ð2 declaration {} 9Ð1 type checking, extension to 19Ð1 definition 9Ð1, 9Ð3 user-defined type, extension to 19Ð2 definition 3Ð2 void* pointer type extension to