Local Government and Migrant Integration in Greece By Dia Anagnostou, Aimilia Kontogianni, Dimitris Skleparis, Giorgos Tzogopoulos This report has been completed in the frame of the project “Mainstreaming and Monitoring Immigrants’ Integration in Local Government in Greece” (LOMIGRAS). This project has been funded with support from the EEA Grants for academic research (contract number EEA GR07/3808). Copyright © 2016 HELLENIC FOUNDATION FOR EUROPEAN AND FOREIGN POLICY (ELIAMEP)1 49, Vassilissis Sofias Ave., 106 76 Athens, Greece Τel: (+30) 210 7257110-1, Fax: (+30) 210 7257114, e-mail: [email protected], url: www.eliamep.gr All rights reserved Migrant integration policies in four municipalities in Greece 1 ELIAMEP offers a forum for debate on international and European issues. Its non-partisan character supports the right to free and well documented discourse. ELIAMEP publications aim to contribute to scholarly knowledge and to provide policy relevant analyses. As such, they solely represent the views of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Foundation. 2 Table of Contents Migrant integration policies in four municipalities in Greece ................................................... 2 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. 5 List of figures ............................................................................................................................ 6 Executive summary ................................................................................................................... 7 Migrant integration policies in four municipalities in Greece ................................................. 10 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 10 2. Migrant integration policies at the local level: a conceptual frame ..................................... 13 3. Immigration and migrants integration policy in Greece ...................................................... 18 4. The role and competences of municipalities in regard to migrant integration in Greece .... 23 5. Migrants and integration policies in the four municipalities under study ........................... 28 5.1 Case study I: The Municipality of Athens ................................................................... 34 5.1.1 The Legal-Political Domain ........................................................................................... 40 5.1.1.1 Political participation and civic engagement ............................................................... 40 5.1.2 The Social-Economic Domain ....................................................................................... 42 5.1.2.1 Social Services ............................................................................................................ 42 5.1.2.2 Employment ................................................................................................................ 47 5.1.2.3 Day Care ...................................................................................................................... 49 5.1.2.4 European Integration Fund – Actions in the Municipality of Athens ......................... 52 5.1.3 The Cultural-Religious Domain ..................................................................................... 55 5.2 Case Study IΙ: The Municipality of Thessaloniki ........................................................ 57 5.2.1 Legal-Political Domain ........................................................................................... 58 5.2.2 Social-Economic Domain ............................................................................................. 61 5.2.2.1 Social and Health Services .......................................................................................... 61 5.2.2.2 Day Care ...................................................................................................................... 64 5.2.2.3 Employment .............................................................................................................. 65 5.2.2.4 Education – The voluntary school Odysseus ............................................................... 66 5.2.3 Cultural-Religious Domain ..................................................................................... 68 5.3 Case study III: The Municipality of Heraklion ........................................................... 70 5.3.1 The Legal-Political Domain ........................................................................................... 72 3 5.3.2 The Social-Economic domain ........................................................................................ 75 5.3.2.1 Day care ....................................................................................................................... 76 5.3.2.2 Employment ................................................................................................................ 77 5.3.2.3 Teaching of Greek language ........................................................................................ 78 5.4 Case study IV: The Municipality of Patras ................................................................. 79 5.4.1 The Legal-Political Domain .................................................................................... 82 5.4.2The Social-Economic Domain ........................................................................................ 84 5.4.3 The Cultural-Religious Domain .............................................................................. 84 5.4.4 Discussion ............................................................................................................... 86 6. Concluding observations and discussion of findings .......................................................... 87 ANNEX I - List of interviews ................................................................................................. 91 Bibliographical references ....................................................................................................... 95 4 List of Tables Table 1 The four policy domains ............................................................................................. 17 Table 2: TCNs by nationality and gender in Greece (19-4-2016) ........................................... 19 Table 3: Number of residence permits issued to TCNs in the Municipality of Athens, March 2016 ......................................................................................................................................... 35 Table 4: Categories of reasons for which residence permits were issued in the greater urban area of Athens, April 2016 ...................................................................................................... 38 Table 5: Basic categories of residence permits under “Other” ................................................ 38 Table 6: Nationality and number of hosted beneficiaries in the Municipality’s hostels for female victims of domestic violence and their children, 2014-2016 ....................................... 46 Table 7: Number and country of nationality of beneficiaries of the "Hub" program since its operation .................................................................................................................................. 47 Table 8: Nationality and number of visits of beneficiaries to the 9 Municipal health clinics, 2015 ......................................................................................................................................... 47 Table 9: Number and Percentage of Greek and Migrant Children in Athens Day Care Facilities, 2011-2015 ............................................................................................................... 51 Table 10: Total number of residence permits issued to migrants in the urban area of Thessaloniki by country of origin of migrants, April 2016 ..................................................... 57 Table 11: Categories of reasons for which residence permits were issued in the greater urban area of Thessaloniki, April 2016 ............................................................................................. 58 Table 12: Basic categories of residence permits under “Other” .............................................. 58 Table 13: Beneficiaries of the Municipality’s Clinics health services in 2012-2015 ............. 62 Table 14: Number of children in the day care centers of the Municipality of Thessaloniki per year .......................................................................................................................................... 65 Table 15: Total number of residence permits issued to migrants in the urban area of Heraklion by country of origin of migrants, April 2016 .......................................................................... 70 Table 16: Categories of reasons for which residence permits were issued in the greater urban area of Heraklion, April 2016 .................................................................................................. 71 Table 17: Basic categories of residence permits under “Other” .............................................. 71 Table 18: Total number of residence permits issued to migrants in the urban area of Patras by country of origin of migrants, March 2016 ............................................................................. 80 Table 19: Type of residence