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If this Permission to use Heritage History documents or images for commercial little book affords as much pleasure to the reader as its purposes, or more information about our collection of traditional history resources preparation has given to the writer, its existence will be justified. can be obtained by contacting us at [email protected] EVA MARCH TAPPAN Original Copyright 1908 by Eva March Tappan. 2 Distributed by Heritage History 2009 IMPORTANT DATES IN GREEK HISTORY 338 Battle of Chaeronea subjects Greece to Macedonia 334 Alexander crossed the Hellespont to invade Persia. B.C. 323 Death of Alexander and the division of his empire. 776 Beginning of First Olympiad. 621 Draco reformed the Athenian laws. TABLE OF CONTENTS 594 Solon reformed the Athenian laws. IN THE DAYS OF MYTHS.......................................................... 4 509 Clisthenes reformed the Athenian laws. IN THE DAYS OF MYTHS (CONTINUED) ................................... 9 500-494 Revolt of the Ionians. HOW THE EARLY GREEKS LIVED .......................................... 15 HOW THE SPARTANS BECAME POWERFUL ............................ 21 490 Battle of Marathon (Beginning of Persian War). THE EARLY DAYS OF ATHENS: THEY LAWS OF SOLON......... 28 480 Battles of Thermopylae and Salamis. THE RULE OF PISISTRATUS AND THE ALCMAEONIDAE .......... 33 479 Battle of Plataea (End of Persian War). THE OLYMPIAN GAMES ........................................................ 38 THE GREEK COLONIES: THE TYRANTS .................................. 41 477 The Delian League was formed. THE FIRST AND SECOND PERSIAN EXPEDITIONS ................... 44 445 Peace of Pericles gave quiet to Greece. THE GREAT PERSIAN INVASION ............................................ 49 THE GREAT PERSIAN INVASION (CONTINUED) ...................... 54 445-431 Age of Pericles. AFTER THE PERSIAN WAR ..................................................... 59 421 Peace of Nicias (End of first phase of THE AGE OF PERICLES .......................................................... 66 Peloponnesian War). THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR ................................................... 74 415-413 Sicilian Expedition. THE SICILIAN EXPEDITION .................................................... 81 THE FALL OF ATHENS ........................................................... 87 405 Battle of Aegospotami. WHEN SPARTA RULED .......................................................... 92 404 Fall of Athens (End of Peloponnesian War). WHEN THEBES WAS IN POWER .............................................. 99 401-400 Retreat of the 10,000 in Persian. PHILIP OF MACEDONIA ........................................................ 102 ALEXANDER THE GREAT ..................................................... 107 387 Peace of Antalcidas ended Corinthian War. 371 Battle of Leuctra began the downfall of Sparta. 362 Death of Epaminondas end supremacy of Thebes. Original Copyright 1908 by Eva March Tappan. 3 Distributed by Heritage History 2009 CHAPTER I "I should like to drive it," perhaps the little Greek boy would say; and then his mother would tell him of the time when a boy once tried to drive it, and of what happened to him. IN THE DAYS OF MYTHS "He was called the son of Apollo," the story went, "and There was one thing that must have been especially his name was Phaëthon. One day a playmate was angry with pleasant for the boys and girls who lived in Greece nearly three him and cried out, 'You are nobody! You are not Apollo's son!' thousand years ago. It was that so many of their questions were Phaëthon did not say a word in reply, but went straight to far- answered by stories. For instance, if a boy asked the name of a away India, and walked boldly into the palace of Apollo. The mountain that rose far to the northward, his mother would reply, ceilings were of ivory and the doors of silver. At the farther end "That is Mount Olympus. On its summit is the most beautiful of the long room stood a throne, which glittered and gleamed palace you can imagine. It is made of clouds, white and rosy and and shone like sunbeams sparkling on the water. On this throne golden, and it is the home of Zeus, King of the Gods. He often sat the Sun-God himself. He wore a crimson robe, and on his calls the other gods to come to him; and then they journey from head was a crown made of long rays of golden light that flashed the earth, the water, and the underworld, and meet in the great and blazed even more brilliantly than the sun at noonday. hall of the palace. There they feast upon ambrosia and nectar, the Phaëthon walked up the room and stood before the throne. Muses sing, and Apollo plays on his lyre. By and by, when the Apollo looked kindly upon him and said, 'Tell me who you are sun sets, they pass through the gates of cloud and return to their and why you have sought me.' Then the boy told the god about homes. The sun is a splendid golden chariot. Apollo drives it up his playmate's declaring that he was no child of Apollo. 'And I the sky every morning and down again every afternoon. It is all have come,' he said, 'to beg that if I really am your son, you will ablaze with diamonds, and that is why it dazzles your eyes to give me some proof.' look at it." THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS. (ZEUS IS SEATED ON THE THRONE) APOLLO IN HIS SUN-CHARIOT. "Apollo was pleased with the boy's courage. He threw his arms around Phaëthon's neck and said, 'You are my own dear son and to prove it I will give you whatever you ask.' Now, what Original Copyright 1908 by Eva March Tappan. 4 Distributed by Heritage History 2009 did the foolish boy ask but permission to drive the fiery chariot Father Zeus!' cried the Earth. Then Zeus hurled his thunder bolt for one day. Apollo looked very grave. 'Even the other gods at Phaëthon, and he fell from the chariot down into the stream cannot do that,' he said. 'Zeus himself would not attempt it. I beg Eridanus. His sisters stood on the bank and wept for him, and of you to choose some other gift.' But Phaëthon was bent upon by and by they were turned into poplar trees; and even to-day, if this one thing; and as Apollo had given his word, he had to yield. you listen to the poplars, you can hear them whispering softly The headstrong boy sprang into the chariot and seized the reins.