Responding to Emergencies: Comprehensive First Aid/CPR/AED INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL Table of Contents Section A: Program Administration CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 4 Program Overview Teaching So That Every Participant Can Learn Program Purpose ........................ 1 Program Objectives ...................... 1 Preparing to Teach ......................15 Program Participants ..................... 2 Working with Your Audience .............15 Program Prerequisites.................... 2 Using Facilitation Techniques ............15 Program Courses ........................ 3 Teaching Participants with Disabilities ....16 Program Delivery Method ................. 3 Strategies for Helping Participants Program Instructional Design ............. 3 to Acquire Information.................17 Program Materials ....................... 4 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 2 Conducting Effective Skill Sessions Being an American Red Cross Instructor Instructor Responsibilities During Skill Sessions ........................20 Instructor Requirements .................. 7 How Participants Learn Skills ............20 Instructor Responsibilities ................ 8 Approaches to Practicing Skills ..........21 Maintaining Consistent Training Setting Up Skill Practice Sessions........22 Standards............................. 9 Running Skill Practice Sessions ..........22 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 6 Setting Up and Running Courses Course Completion Course Lengths and Schedules ..........10 Criteria for Course Completion Class Size .............................10 and Certification ......................25 Classroom Space .......................10 Skill Competency .......................25 Materials, Equipment and Supplies .......12 Written Exams ..........................26 Class Safety and Supervision ............13 Criteria for Grading Participants ..........26 Additional Adult Supervision— Handling Unsuccessful Course Teaching Youth .......................14 Completion...........................27 Reporting Procedures . 27 Acknowledging Course Completion.......27 Obtaining Participant Feedback ..........27 Additional Training Opportunities .........28 iv Responding to Emergencies: Comprehensive First Aid/CPR/AED | Instructor’s Manual Section B: Teaching Tools LESSON PLANS PART ONE PART FOUR Course Outline Injuries Lesson 1: Introduction................... 32 Lesson 23: Soft Tissue Injuries I.........174 Lesson 2: If Not You . Who? ............ 35 Lesson 24: Soft Tissue Injuries II/ Lesson 3: Taking Action I ................ 42 Musculoskeletal Injuries I.............184 Lesson 4: Taking Action II................ 49 Lesson 25: Musculoskeletal Lesson 5: Before Giving Care ............ 55 Injuries II and Splinting...............193 Lesson 26: Injuries to the Head, Neck and Spine......................206 PART TWO Lesson 27: Injuries to the Chest, Assessment Abdomen and Pelvis .................216 Lesson 6: The Human Body .............. 62 Lesson 7: Checking an Injured PART FIVE or Ill Person .......................... 67 Medical Emergencies Lesson 8: Special Considerations When Checking and Caring Lesson 28: Sudden Illnesses I .......... 224 for an Injured or Ill Person ............. 72 Lesson 29: Sudden Illnesses II/ Poisoning .......................... 235 Lesson 30: Sudden Illnesses III/ PART THREE Allergic Reaction and Anaphylaxis ..... 243 Life-Threatening Emergencies Lesson 31: Sudden Illnesses IV/ Bites and Stings ..................... 250 Lesson 9: Cardiac Emergencies ..........82 Lesson 32: Sudden Illnesses V/ Lesson 10: CPR—Adult ..................88 Substance Abuse and Misuse ........ 261 Lesson 11: CPR—Child ..................94 Lesson 33: Heat-Related Illnesses Lesson 12: CPR—Infant.................100 and Cold-Related Emergencies ....... 271 Lesson 13: AED—Adult .................106 Lesson 34: Putting It All Together II/ Lesson 14: Adult AED Skill Practice Injuries and Sudden Illnesses ........ 283 and Scenarios .......................114 Lesson 15: AED—Child and Infant .......122 Lesson 16: Child and Infant AED Skill Practice and Scenarios ..........126 Lesson 17: Breathing Emergencies ......135 Lesson 18: Choking—Adult and Child ....142 Lesson 19: Choking—Infant .............149 Lesson 20: Bleeding ...................153 Lesson 21: Internal Bleeding/Shock .....161 Lesson 22: Putting It All Together I/ Introduction, Assessment and Life-Threatening Emergencies.....166 Table of Contents v PART SIX Special Situations Lesson 35: Water-Related Lesson 40: Putting It All Emergencies . 290 Together III/Course Review...........332 Lesson 36: Pediatric, Older Lesson 41: Field Exercise (Optional) .....337 Adult and Special Situations ..........297 Lesson 42: Final Written Exam I: Lesson 37: Emergency Childbirth Before Giving Care...................339 (Optional) ...........................309 Lesson 43: Final Written Exam II: Lesson 38: Disaster, Remote CPR/AED...........................341 and Wilderness Emergencies I Lesson 44: Final Written Exam III: (Optional) ...........................317 Responding to Emergencies: Lesson 39: Disaster, Remote First Aid ............................343 and Wilderness Emergencies II (Optional) ...........................325 Section C: Appendices Appendix A: Sample Letter to Appendix D: Video Segments Responding to Emergencies for the Responding to Participants .........................346 Emergencies Course .................361 Appendix B: Course Outlines............347 Appendix E: Participant Progress Log ....363 Appendix C: Guidelines for Conducting Appendix F: Written Exam Responding to Emergencies Review Answer Keys ........................364 and Challenge Courses...............357 Index .................................381 vi Responding to Emergencies: Comprehensive First Aid/CPR/AED | Instructor’s Manual LESSON 9 CARDIAC EMERGENCIES Lesson Length: 45 minutes GUIDANCE FOR THE INSTRUCTOR To complete this lesson and meet the lesson objectives, you must: Q Discuss all points in the topic, “Introduction.” Q Discuss all points in the topic, “Cardiovascular Disease.” Q Discuss all points in the topic, “Heart Attack.” Q Show the video segment, “Signs and Symptoms of a Heart Attack” (1:43). Q Discuss all points in the topic, “Angina Pectoris.” Q Discuss all points in the topic, “Cardiac Arrest and the Cardiac Chain of Survival.” Q Show the video segment, “The Cardiac Chain of Survival” (2:46). Q Discuss all points in the topic, “Closing.” LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing the lesson, participants should be able to: Q List the signs and symptoms of a heart attack for both men and women. Q Describe the care for a person having a heart attack. Q Describe the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest. Q Identify the links in the Cardiac Chain of Survival. MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES Q Responding to Emergencies: Comprehensive First Aid/CPR/AED textbook Q Responding to Emergencies: Comprehensive First Aid/CPR/AED DVD or downloaded video segments Q Course Presentation: Part Three, Cardiac Emergencies TOPIC: INTRODUCTION Time: 5 minutes INSTRUCTION Q Two of the most common cardiac emergencies are heart attack and cardiac arrest. Q Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of cardiac emergencies. Q Explain to participants that this lesson will discuss heart attack and cardiac arrest, the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and what they can do to REFERENCES control those risks. Course Presentation Slide 9.1 82 Responding to Emergencies: Comprehensive First Aid/CPR/AED | Instructor’s Manual TOPIC: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Time: 5 minutes INSTRUCTION Q Cardiovascular disease is an abnormal condition that affects the heart and blood vessels. It remains the number one killer in the United States and is a major cause of disability. Q Cardiovascular disease causes coronary heart disease (CHD), also known as coronary artery disease. REFERENCES Q CHD occurs when the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart Course muscle harden and narrow in a process called atherosclerosis. The Presentation Slide 9.2 damage occurs gradually, as cholesterol and fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner artery walls. Q As this build-up worsens, the arteries become narrower. This reduces the amount of blood that can flow through the arteries and prevents the heart from getting the blood and oxygen it needs. Q If the heart does not get blood containing oxygen, it will not work properly. TOPIC: HEART ATTACK Time: 20 minutes INSTRUCTION Q Explain to participants that a heart attack occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked (for example, as a result of coronary artery disease). Because the cells in the area are not receiving the oxygen and nutrients they need, they die, causing permanent damage to the heart muscle. Q Seeking advanced medical care as soon as the signs and symptoms REFERENCES of a heart attack are recognized can minimize damage to the heart Course and may save the person’s life. Presentation Slide 9.3 About the Science: There is strong evidence that suggests that when a person is experiencing signs and symptoms of a heart attack, outcomes are improved when cardiac catheterization is performed within 90 minutes of the onset of signs and symptoms and within 60 minutes of arrival to the hospital. When cardiac catheterization is not readily available, the administration of certain medications within the first few hours of the onset of signs and symptoms has also been shown to be of benefit. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF A HEART ATTACK INSTRUCTION Q Ask participants to list the signs and symptoms of a heart attack. Q Record the participants’