GREATER NEW HAVEN Community Index 2016 Understanding Well-Being, Economic Opportunity, and Change in Greater New Haven Neighborhoods A CORE PROGRAM OF In collaboration with The Community Foundation for Greater New Haven and other community partners and a Community Health Needs Assessment for the towns served by Yale-New Haven Hospital and Milford Hospital. Greater New Haven Community Index 2016 Understanding well-being, economic opportunity, and change in Greater New Haven neighborhoods MAJOR FUNDERS Other Funders The Greater New Haven Community Index makes extensive use of the 2015 DataHaven Community Wellbeing Survey, which completed in-depth interviews with 16,219 randomly-selected adults in Connecticut last year. In addition to the major funders listed above, supporters of the survey’s interviews with 1,810 adults in Greater New Haven as well as related data dissemination activities included the City of New Haven Health Department, United Way of Greater New Haven, Workforce Alliance, NewAlliance Foundation, Yale Medical Group, Connecticut Health Foundation, Connecticut Housing Finance Authority, and the Community Alliance for Research and Engagement at the Yale School of Public Health among others. Please see ctdatahaven.org for a complete list of statewide partners and funders. Lead Authors Mark Abraham, Executive Director, DataHaven Mary Buchanan, Project Manager, DataHaven Co-authors and contributors Ari Anisfeld, Aparna Nathan, Camille Seaberry, and Emma Zehner, DataHaven Amanda Durante and Fawatih Mohamed, University of Connecticut Health Center Linda F Cantley, Deron Galusha, and Baylah Tessier-Sherman, Yale Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program, Yale School of Medicine Don Levy and Meghann Crawford, Siena College Research Institute Connecticut Hospital Association ChimeData Cyd Oppenheimer, Consultant Brian Slattery, Consultant Jeannette Ickovics, Yale School of Public Health Matt Higbee, The Community Foundation for Greater New Haven Design by KUDOS Design Collaboratory™ (John Kudos, Creative Direction, Ashley Wu, Production Design) Please contact DataHaven for permission to reproduce any of the text, images, or graphics in this report. We strongly encourage requests from organizations that wish to use this information or conduct further analysis to benefit community action. Contact information is listed on the back of the report. Nothing in this report should be interpreted to represent the official views of any of the participating organizations. Abraham, Mark and Mary Buchanan. (2016). Greater New Haven Community Index. New Haven, CT: DataHaven. Available at ctdatahaven.org. Contents 1 Introduction 2 INDICATORS IN THIS REPORT 2 ABOUT THE DOCUMENT 4 MEASURING HOW COMMUNITIES SHAPE WELL-BEING 5 STATE RANKINGS 8 2 A Changing Region 9 THE GREATER NEW HAVEN POPULATION 9 HOUSEHOLDS AND INCOME IN GREATER NEW HAVEN 14 3 A Healthy Region 20 HEALTH OUTCOMES 21 SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND MENTAL HEALTH 34 ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE 36 4 A Region of Opportunity 40 EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH 40 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY IN GREATER NEW HAVEN 52 COMMUNITY LIFE, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, AND CIVIC ENGAGEMENT 60 5 Conclusion & Endnotes 67 CONCLUSION 67 A COMMUNITY INDICATORS APPROACH 68 ENDNOTES 68 DataHaven Greater New Haven Community Index 2016 2 Indicators in this Report RANKINGS IN GREATER NEW HAVEN 2.10 Housing Cost Burden in Greater New Haven 1.1 Personal Wellbeing Index and 2.11 Characteristics of Greater Community Index New Haven Households 1.2 Community Index Components Data Values HEALTH 1.3 State Rankings OUTCOMES 3.1 Greater New Haven Health Trends THE GREATER NEW HAVEN POPULATION 3.2 Well-Being and Chronic Disease Risk Factors 2.1 Population and Growth in 3.3 Infant Health Indicators Greater New Haven 3.4 Leading Causes of Death 2.2 The Changing Age Structure of Greater New Haven 3.5 Causes of Premature Death 2.3 Race and Ethnicity in Greater 3.6 Heart Disease, Hospital New Haven Inpatient Encounters 2.4 Characteristics of Immigrants in 3.7 Nutrition, Obesity, and Diabetes Greater New Haven 3.8 Diabetes, All Hospital Encounters HOUSEHOLDS & INCOME 3.9 Injury Mortality by Type IN GREATER NEW HAVEN 3.10 Homicide and Purposeful Injury, 2.5 The Changing Household Structure All Hospital Encounters of Greater New Haven 3.11 Childhood Asthma, 2.6 Income and Income Inequality in All Hospital Encounters Greater New Haven 3.12 Selected Infectious Diseases 2.7 Growing Neighborhood Income Inequality in Greater New Haven SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2.8 The Low-Income Population in & MENTAL HEALTH Greater New Haven 3.13 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary 2.9 The Growing Low-Income Population Disease (COPD) in Greater New Haven 3.14 Substance Abuse, All Hospital Encounters 3 ACCESS TO ECONOMIC HEALTH CARE OPPORTUNITY 3.15 Preventable Dental Conditions, 4.13 Financial Security and Hospital ED Encounters Underemployment 3.16 Health Care Access 4.14 Movement of Low-Income Workers (Salary < $40,000) EARLY CARE 4.15 Movement of High-Income Workers & EDUCATION (Salary > $40,000) 4.1 Working Parents, 2000–2014 4.16 New Haven County Jobs and Wage Trends by Sector, 2000–14 4.2 Availability of Childcare and Education in Greater New Haven, 2014 4.17 Changing Industry Footprints 4.3 Affordability of Childcare for Families 4.18 Educational Attainment 4.4 Availability of Childcare and Education Subsidies in Greater New Haven, 2014 COMMUNITY LIFE, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT 4.5 Preschool Enrollment in Greater New Haven, 2014 4.19 Municipal Financial Capacity in Greater New Haven EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES 4.20 Perceived Access and Use of FOR CHILDREN & YOUTH Community Resources 4.6 Race and Ethnicity of Greater 4.21 Perceived Community Cohesion New Haven Students, 2014–15 4.22 Voter Turnout in Greater New Haven 4.7 High-Needs Students 4.23 Civic Engagement and Government 4.8 Academic Achievement in Greater New Haven Schools 4.9 The Opportunity Gap Impacts Achievement at Greater New Haven Schools 4.10 Higher Education of Greater New Haven Students 4.12 Opportunities for Young People in Greater New Haven DataHaven Greater New Haven Community Index 2016 4 CHAPTER 1 lows. Data reveal a community with resilient cities and towns where people love to live and where residents are in good health. They also paint a picture of great variability, in which opportunities Introduction to achieve an optimal level of health and happiness differ dramatically from one zip code to another. This demands the attention of all who seek to secure our region’s long-term prosperity. DataHaven’s 2013 Greater New Haven Community Index introduced a new measure of well-being for our region, incorporating information related to financial security, quality of life, health, and youth opportunity. Community members, academic partners, health care providers, and government officials provided input into the Measurements of our economy selection of what to include in the Index. Overall, our region scored well relative to other large have power when they capture metropolitan areas, but well-being was not shared our attention and propel change. equally. Most suburban towns and prosperous neighborhoods within the city of New Haven were How do we know that they well above the national average, faring as well measure the quality of people’s as the highest-ranked metropolitan areas in the nation — but neighborhoods just a few blocks away lives? For 25 years, DataHaven scored near the bottom of the Index.1 and its community partners Using unprecedented new sources of data on quality of life in our region, this 2016 report helps us have worked to find alternative compare our neighborhoods and towns with other methods to provide more areas throughout Connecticut. We also look closely at what has changed or not changed over time. While accurate and human pictures many individual findings might not be surprising, of our neighborhoods, our they provide windows allowing us to focus on how neighbors and neighborhoods are doing. Where do neighbors, and our families. we succeed and where do we fail? We hope that you dig into the details and find The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and issues that matter to you. We invite you to share unemployment rates were initially developed to help these stories with family, friends, and neighbors society distribute taxes and understand working and discuss what needs to be done. As we move conditions. These numbers are used today as the forward, we welcome the wisdom of your advice and most powerful gauges of the current health of our encourage your new or continued involvement. economy. But they also highlight the risks of relying Mark Abraham, Executive Director, DataHaven on single measures. GDP growth does not describe differences in economic opportunity between About the Document neighborhoods, and can underestimate the effects We do not claim that the Greater New Haven of long-term joblessness or the potential long-term Community Index is comprehensive; it is a work impacts of industrial change. in progress that we intend to add to over time For 25 years, DataHaven and its community based on input from readers and regional partners. partners have worked to find alternative methods While some of the topics here have been the to provide more accurate and human pictures of our subject of other studies, we believe that there neighborhoods, our neighbors, and our families. We has never been a program that attempted to find deep, long-term impacts of the Great Recession synthesize all of them into a single report on the on families and children in Greater New Haven and interrelationship of quality of life, health, and Connecticut — impacts that continue today, even economic competitiveness of Greater New Haven as measures like unemployment rates fall to recent and its individual towns and neighborhoods. We Chapter 1 Introduction 5 believe that this single-source approach is effective because it creates an inclusive, approachable GEOGRAPHY product and allows readers and partners to see In this report and the additional CHNA how the work they do across different sectors chapter, Greater New Haven is generally contributes to a broader whole.