95th Congress COMMITTEE PRINT 2d Session J THE BELGRADE FOLLOWUP MEETING TO THE CONFERENCE ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE: A REPORT AND APPRAISAL TRANSMITTED TO THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BY THE COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE MAY 17, 1978 Printed for the use of the Committee on International Relations U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 26-677 WASHINGTON: 1978 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock Number 052-070-04524-8 II COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI, Wisconsin, Chairman L. H. FOUNTAIN, North Carolina WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD, Michigan DANTE B. FASCELL, Florida EDWARD S. DERWINSKI, Illinois CHARLES C. DIGGS, JR., Michigan. PAUL FINDLEY, Illinois ROBERT N. C. NIX, Pennsylvania JOHN H. BUCHANAN, JR., Alabama DONALD M. FRASER, Minnesota J. HERBERT BURKE, Florida BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL, New York CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR., Ohio LEE H. HAMILTON, Indiana LARRY WINN, JR., Kansas LESTER L. WOLFF, New York BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, New York JONATHAN B. BINGHAM, New York TENNYSON GUYER, Ohio GUS YATRON, Pennsylvania ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO, California MICHAEL HARRINGTON, Massachusetts WILLIAM F. GOODLING, Pennsylvania, LEO J. RYAN, California SHIRLEY N. PETTIS, California CARDISS COLLINS, Illinois STEPHEN J. SOLARZ, New York HELEN S. MEYNER, New Jersey DON BONKER, Washington GERRY E. STUDDS, Massachusetts ANDY IRELAND, Florida DONALD J. PEASE, Ohio ANTHONY C. BEILENSON, California WYCHE FOWLER, JR., Georgia E (KIKA) DE LA GARZA, Texas GEORGE E. DANIELSON, California JOHN J. CAVANAUGH, Nebraska JOHN J. BRADY, Jr., Chief of Staff COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE REPRESENTATIVE DANTE B. FASCELL, Florida, Chairman SENATOR CLAIBORNE PELL, Rhode Island, Cochairman SENATE HOUSE Or REPRESENTATIVES DICK CLARK, Iowa SIDNEY YATES, Illinois PATRICK LEAHY, Vermont JONATHAN BINGHAM, New York RICHARD STONE, Florida PAUL SIMON, Illinois CLIFFORD CASE, New Jersey JOHN H. BUCHANAN, JR., Alabama, ROBERT DOLE, Kansas MILLICENT FENWICK, New Jersey EXECUTIVE BRANCH PATRICIA DERIAN, Department of 'State DAVID McGIFFERT, Department of Defense FRANK WEIL, Department of Commerce R. SPENCER OLIVER, Staff Director and General Counse4 Guy E. CORIDEN, Deputy Staff Director (II) FOREWORD U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, Vashington, D.C., May 17,1978. This report was transmitted to the Committee on International Relations by Hon. Dante B. Fascell, Chairman of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. It describes and analyzes the Belgrade review meeting of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe. The findings and analysis contained in the report are those of the Commission and do not necessarily reflect the views of the members of the Committee on International Relations. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI, Chairman. (III) -9 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EuROPE, CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, Washington, D.C., May 17,1978. Hon. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI, Chairman, C(onnmittee on International Relations, House of Repre- sentatives, Rayburn Office Building, Washington, D.C. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The first review meeting of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe was held in Belgrade, Yugo- slavia, from October 4, 1977, to March 9, 1978. Based on their par- ticipation as U.S. delegation members, the Commissioners and Com- mission staff have prepared a detailed report and analysis of the Bel- grade meeting which I am pleased to transmit to you. The Commission is satisfied that, in the main, the purposes of the Belgrade meeting as laid down in the Helsinki Final Act-review of the implementation record of the 35 participating states and discussion of additional measures to fulfill the Final Act provisions- were achieved. In addition, the Commission is gratified that the con- tinuation of the CSCE process is assured by tie agreement to hold another meeting in Madrid in 1980. I feel sure that this report will be found useful by Members of Congress who have shown great and continuing interest in the CSCE process. Kindest regards, Sincerely, DANTE B. FASGELL, Chairman. (V) LETTER OF SUBMITTAL COMMISSI0ON ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE, CONGRESS OF TIE UNITED STATES, Washington, D.C., May 17,1978. Hon. THOMAS P. O'NEILL, Jr. Speaker, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. DEAR MR. SPEARER: Pursuant to Public Law 94-304, I have the pleasure to submit to you the report and appraisal of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe on the Belgrade CSCE fol- lowup meeting. This report covers the course of events at the first review meeting of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, held at Bel- grade, Yugoslavia, October 4, 1977 to March 9, 1978, as well as the preparatory meeting which preceded it, June 15 to August 5, 1977. In accordance with the CSCE Final Act, the purpose of the Belgrade meeting was to continue the process initiated at Helsinki on August 1, 1975, by conducting a thorough exchange of views on the implementa- tion of the provisions of the Final Act by the 35 participating states as well as by deepening mutual relations, improving security and developing cooperation and d6tente. The Commission is gratified that, in the main, these high purposes were achieved and that the continua- tion of the Helsinki process is assured by the agreement to hold another review meeting in Madrid, in November 1980. Apart from its significance for security and cooperation in Europe, the Belgrade meeting was notable, from the standpoint of U.S. partici- pation, for at least two other reasons. First, to underscore the impor- tance which the United States attached to the meeting, the President chose a distinguished jurist and statesman, Arthur J. Goldberg, to head the American delegation. Second, in a move unprecedented in modern times, the U.S. delegation was organized as a totally integrated team consisting of Commission members and staff as well as State Depart- ment and other executive branch personnel in addition to distinguished public members from diverse areas of American life. In view of the high interest in the Congress in the CSCE process, especially the human rights component, I am confident that this report will be of unusual interest to Members of both the House and Senate. Sincerely, DANTE B. FASCELL, Chairman. (VII) CONTENTS Page FOREWORD--III LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL------------------------------------------ V LETTER OF SUBMITTAL-------------------------------------------- VII THE BELGRADE MEETING IN BRIEF-------------------------------- XI PREFACE------------------------------------------------------- 1 CHAPTER I-BACKGROUND TO BELGRADE: The CSCE balance ------------------------------------------- 3 Helsinki and human rights -_----_____________________________ 4 CHAPTER II-THE BELGRADE PREPARATORY MEETING: Aims and ground rules ---------------------------------------- 9 The framework established--________________________________ 11 CHAPTER III-THE COURSE OF THE MAIN MEETING: Introduction -_____________________________________________ 13 Working patterns -_----__________________________________ 14 The meeting's main phases -_--___________________________ 15 Basket I: Questions relating to security in Europe: Declaration of principles: Overview ------------------------- ------------------- 17 The first five principles-- _______________________ 19 Principles VI and VII - _------ _-- __--- ________-_-___ 20 Principles VIII, IX, and X -__---_-_-___-____-_-_-_-__ 23 New proposals -_________________------------------ 24 Confidence building measures------------------------------- 25 Basket II: Cooperation in economics, science and technology and the environment: The review------------------------------------------------ 26 New proposals--------------------------------------------- 29 Security and cooperation in the Mediterranean -_________________ 30 Basket III: Cooperation in humanitarian matters, information, and educational and cultural exchange: Overview------------------------------------------------- 32 Human contacts and information -_________________________ 32 Culture and education------------------------------------- 35 New proposals-------------------------------------------- 37 Followup to the Belgrade meeting--___________________________ 39 The concluding document--_--_--_--__--_-___________-_______ 42 CHAPTER IV.-THE BELGRADE BALANCE SHEET------------------ 47 APPENDIX A-AMBASSADOR GOLDBERG'S OPENING SPEECH TO THE CSCE PLENARY, OCTOBER 6, 1977--__--____----_-__-____-____-____ 51 APPENDIX B-TEXT OF THE DRAFT CONCLUDING DOCUMENT OFFERED TO THE BELGRADE MEETING FEBRUARY 21, 1978, BY NATO MEMBER COUNTRIES----------------------------------------------------- 58 APPENDIX C-"HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY: THE UNITED STATES AT BEL- GRADE," ADDRESS DELIVERED FEBRUARY 24, 1978, TO THE CHICAGO COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS BY REPRESENTATIVE DANTE B. FASCELL, CHAIRMAN OF THE COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERA- TION IN EUROPE------------------------------------------------- 69 (Ix) x APPENDIX D-TEXT OF THE CONCLUDING DOCUMENT OF THE BELGRADE Page MEETING---------- --------------------------------------------- 74 APPENDIX E-AmIBASSADOR GOLDBERG'S CLOSING SPEECH TO THE CSCE PLENARY, MARCH 8, 1978_--------------------------------------- 77 APPENDIX F-AMBASSADOR GOLDBERG'S STATEMENT TO THE CSCE COM- MISSION AT HEARINGS MARCH 21, 1978-___________________________ 82 APPENDIX G-U.S., WEST AND EAST EUROPEAN MEDIA