THE BEATLES, POPULAR MUSIC AND SOCIETY This page intentionally left blank The Beatles, Popular Music and Society A Thousand Voices Edited by Ian Inglis Senior Lecturer in Sociology University of North umbria Newcastle upon Tyne Palgrave Selection, editorial matter, Introduction and Chapter 1 © Ian Inglis 2000 Chapter 2 © Mike Bracken 2000 Chapter 5 © Guy Cook and Neil Mercer 2000 Chapter 7 © Martin Cloonan 2000 Chapter 11 © Andy Bennett 2000 * Chapters 3, 4. 6. 8-10 © Macmillan Press Ltd 2000 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced. copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright. Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. 90 Tottenham Court Road. London W1P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may he liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2000 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills. Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-0-333-73205-2 hardcover ISBN 978-0-333-76156-4 paperback A catalogue record for this hook is available from the British Library. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 Published in the United States of America by ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC.. Scholarly and Reference Division 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 ISBN 978-0-312-22235-2 clothbound ISBN 978-0-312-22236-9 ISBN 978-1-349-62210-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-62210-8 For my own Fab Four Annette, Eleanor, Christopher and Susannah This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Tables and Figures ix Acknowledgements X Notes on the Contributors xiii Introduction: A Thousand Voices XV Ian Inglis 1 Men of Ideas? Popular Music, Anti-intellectualism 1 and the Beatles Ian Inglis 2 Coming out of the Rhetoric of 'Merseybeat': 23 Conversations with Joe Flannery Mike Bracken 3 The Beatles and the Spectacle of Youth 35 John Muncie 4 Lennon-McCartney and the Early British Invasion, 53 1964-66 Jon Fitzgerald 5 From Me to You: Austerity to Profligacy in the 86 Language of the Beatles Guy Cook and Neil Mercer 6 The Postmodern White Album 105 Ed Whitley 7 You Can't Do That: the Beatles, Artistic Freedom 126 and Censorship Martin Cloonan 8 Tell Me What You See: the Influence and Impact 150 of the Beatles' Movies Bob Neaverson 9 The Celebrity Legacy of the Beatles 163 P. David Marshall vii viii Contents 10 Refab Four: Beatles for Sale in the Age of 176 Music Video Gary Burns 11 'Sitting in an English Garden': Comparing 189 Representations of Britishncss in the Songs of the Beatles and 1990s Britpop Groups Andy Bennett Index 207 List of Tables and Figures Tables 4.1 US Top 40 hits by the most successful British Invasion writer-performers 54 4.2 US Top 40 hits by Lennon-McCartney, 1964-6 54 4.3 US Top 40 hits by Clark, 1964-6 55 4.4 US Top 40 hits by Jagger-Richards, 1964-6 56 4.5 US Top 40 hits by"Davies, 1964-6 57 4.6 Lyrics 58 4. 7 Melody 59 4.8 Pitch placement of melodies in Lennon-McCartney AABA songs 63 4.9 Rhythm 64 4.10 Harmony 68 4.11 Unusual diatonic progressions used in Lennon-McCartney songs 69 4.12 Borrowed/unusual chords in songs by Lennon-McCartney 70 4.13 Chords used to commence the B section in Lennon-McCartney AABA songs 70 4.14 Form 72 5.1 Concordance analyses for selected early and later albums 99 5.2 Collocations of 'she' on two selected albums 102 5.3 Collocations of 'girl' on two selected albums 103 Figures 5.1 Fractional incidence of 'I' in lyrics of albums 100 5.2 Fractional incidence of 'you' in lyrics of albums 101 5.3 Fractional incidence of 'love' in lyrics of albums 101 IX Acknowledgements The editor and publishers are grateful to the following for permis­ sion to reproduce copyright material: A Day In The Life Day Tripper Words & Music hy John Lennon & Words & Music by John Lennon & Paul McCartney Paul McCartney IDCopyright 1967 Northern Songs DCopyright 1965 Northern Songs. Good Night A Hard Day·s Night Words & Music by John Lennon & Words & Music by John Lennon & Paul McCartney Paul McCartney tElCopyright 1968 Northern Songs. ncopyright 1964 Northern Songs. Back In The USSR And I Lm·c Her Words & Music hy John Lennon & Words & Music by John Lennon & Paul McCartney Paul McCartney ©Copyright 19(;1\ Northern Songs. '1'Copyright 19(;4 Northern Songs. I'm So Tired From A Window Words & Music hy John Lennon & Words & Music by John Lennon & Paul McCartney Paul McCartney «lCopyright lll68 Northern Songs. '•Copyright 1%4 Northern Songs. Hefter Skeltcr 'r'ellm1· Suhmarinc Words & Music hy John Lennon & Words & Music hy John Lennon & Paul McCartney Paul McCartney {\)Copyright Jl)68 Northern Songs. ''Copyright 1966 Northern Songs. She's A Woman Please Please Me Words & Music by John Lennon & Words & Music by John Lennon & Paul McCartney Paul McCartney 'i'lCopyright ll)64 Northern Songs. "'Copyright 1962 Universal/Dick James Music Limited, 47 British Eleanor Rigby Grove, London W4. Words & Music by John Lennon & Paul McCartney We Can Work It Ow ©Copyright 1966 Northern Songs. Words & Music by John Lennon & Paul McCartney Rain 'Copyright lllh5 Northern Songs. Words & Music hy John Lennon & Paul McCartney Eight Days A H'eek ~"Copyright 1966 Northern Songs. Words & Music by John Lennon & Paul McCartney ''Copyright 1964 Northern Songs. X Acknowledgements xi Nowhere Man I'll Cry Instead Words & Music by John Lennon & Words & Music by John Lennon & Paul McCartney Paul McCartney ©Copyright 1965 Northern Songs. ©Copyright 1964 Northern Songs. Love Me Do I'll Be Back Words & Music by John Lennon & Words & Music by John Lennon & Paul McCartney Paul McCartney ©Copyright 1965 Northern Songs. ©Copyright 1964 Northern Songs. I Want To Hold Your Hand Baby's In Black Words & Music by John Lennon & Words & Music by John Lennon & Paul McCartney Paul McCartney ©Copyright 1963 Northern Songs. ©Copyright 1964 Northern Songs. Thank You Girl Birthday Words & Music by John Lennon & Words & Music by John Lennon & Paul McCartney Paul McCartney ©Copyright 1963 Northern Songs. ©Copyright 1968 Northern Songs. Do You Want To Know A Secret Good Morning, Good Morning Words & Music by John Lennon & Words & Music by John Lennon & Paul McCartney Paul McCartney ©Copyright 1963 Northern Songs. ©Copyright 1967 Northern Songs. She Loves You Mean Mr Mustard Words & Music by John Lennon & Words & Music by John Lennon & Paul McCartney Paul McCartney ©Copyright 1963 Northern Songs. ©Copyright 1969 Northern Songs. I Don't Want To Spoil The Party Taxman Words & Music by John Lennon & Words & Music by George Harrison Paul McCartney ©Copyright 1966 Northern Songs. ©Copyright 1964 Northern Songs. You're Going To Lose That Girl You Can't Do That Words & Music by John Lennon & Words & Music by John Lennon & Paul McCartney Paul McCartney ©Copyright 1965 Northern Songs. ©Copyright 1964 Northern Songs. Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band No Reply Words & Music by John Lennon & Words & Music by John Lennon & Paul McCartney Paul McCartney ©Copyright 1967 Northern Songs. ©Copyright 1964 Northern Songs. Free As A Bird You Won't See Me Words & Music by John Lennon Words & Music by John Lennon & ©Copyright 1977 & 1995 Lenono Paul McCartney Music Incorporated, USA. ©Copyright 1965 Northern Songs. Xl xii Acknowledgements Real Love No Surrender Words & Music by John Lennon Words & Music by Bruce ©Copyright 1988 & 1995 Lenono Springsteen Music. «) 1984 hy Bruce Springsteen (ASCAP) All titles used by permission of Reprinted hy permission. Music Sales Ltd All Rights Reserved. International Copyright Secured. Autumn Almanac Words & Music by Ray Davies ©Copyright 1967 Davray Music Ltd and Carlin Music Corp Lyric reproduced hy permission. Notes on the Contributors Andy Bennett is Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Surrey. Prior to studying for his doctorate at Durham University from 1993 to 1996, he spent two years in Germany as a Musikpadagoge (music instructor) with the Frankfurt Rockmobil project. He is currently writing a book on youth, music, identity and locality. Mike Brocken is a Lecturer and Archivist in the Institute of Popular Music at the University of Liverpool. He is the author of Some Other Guys! ( 1996). He has recently completed his doctorate on the British folk revival, and is currently co-writing Joe Flannery's biography. Gary Burns is Associate Professor and Assistant Chair in the Department of Communication at Northern Illinois University. He is President of the American Culture Association and editor of Popular Music and Society. He co-edited Television Studies: Textual Analysis ( 1989) and Making Television: Authorship and the Production Process (1990). His articles have appeared in Popular Music, South Atlantic Quarterly, Goldmine, Wide Angle, the Journal Of Popular Film and Television, and other periodicals. Martin Cloonan is Research Fellow in Lifelong Learning at the University of Stirling. His main research interests lie in the politics of popular music. His first book was Banned! Censorship of Popular Music in Britain 1967-1992 (1996), and he is the co-editor of a forth­ coming volume on censorship and music. Guy Cook is Professor of Applied Linguistics at the University of Reading.