CULTURA CULTURA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY OF CULTURE CULTURA AND AXIOLOGY Founded in 2004, Cultura. International Journal of Philosophy of 2017 Culture and Axiology is a semiannual peer-reviewed journal devo- 1 2017 Vol XIV No 1 ted to philosophy of culture and the study of value. It aims to pro- mote the exploration of different values and cultural phenomena in regional and international contexts. The editorial board encourages the submission of manuscripts based on original research that are judged to make a novel and important contribution to understan- ding the values and cultural phenomena in the contempo rary world. CULTURE AND AXIOLOGY CULTURE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY INTERNATIONAL ISBN 978-3-631-73135-2 www.peterlang.com CULTURA 2017_4886_VOL_14_No1_GR_A5Br.indd 1 20.06.17 12:24 CULTURA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY OF CULTURE AND AXIOLOGY Cultura. International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology E-ISSN (Online): 2065-5002 ISSN (Print): 1584-1057 Advisory Board Prof. Dr. David Altman, Instituto de Ciencia Política, Universidad Catolica de Chile, Chile Prof. Emeritus Dr. Horst Baier, University of Konstanz, Germany Prof. Dr. David Cornberg, University Ming Chuan, Taiwan Prof. Dr. Paul Cruysberghs, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Prof. Dr. Nic Gianan, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines Prof. Dr. Marco Ivaldo, Department of Philosophy “A. Aliotta”, University of Naples “Federico II”, Italy Prof. Dr. Michael Jennings, Princeton University, USA Prof. Dr. Maximiliano E. Korstanje, University of Palermo, Argentina Prof. Dr. Richard L. Lanigan, Southern Illinois University, USA Prof. Dr. Christian Lazzeri, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, France Prof. Dr. Massimo Leone, University of Torino, Italy Prof. Dr. Asunción López-Varela Azcárate, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain Prof. Dr. Christian Möckel, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany Prof. Dr. Devendra Nath Tiwari, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India Prof. Dr. José María Paz Gago, University of Coruña, Spain Prof. Dr. Mario Perniola, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy Prof. Dr. Traian D. Stănciulescu, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Iassy, Romania Prof. Dr. Steven Tötösy de Zepetnek, Purdue University & Ghent University Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief: Co-Editors: Prof. dr. Nicolae Râmbu Prof. dr. Aldo Marroni Faculty of Philosophy and Social- Dipartimento di Lettere, Arti e Scienze Sociali Political Sciences Università degli Studi G. d’Annunzio Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, Italy B-dul Carol I, nr. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania [email protected] [email protected] PD Dr. Till Kinzel Englisches Seminar Editorial Assistant: Dr. Marius Sidoriuc Technische Universität Braunschweig, Designer: Aritia Poenaru Bienroder Weg 80, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany [email protected] Cultura International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology Vol. 14, No. 1 (2017) Editor-in-Chief Nicolae Râmbu Guest Editors: Jinghua Guo and Asun López-Varela Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Umschlagabbildung: © Aritia Poenaru ISSN 1584-1057 e-ISSN 2065-5002 Peter Lang GmbH International Academic Publishers Schlüterstraße 42, 10707 Berlin www.peterlang.com This is an open access publication. Except where otherwise noted, content can be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CROSS-CULTURAL SEMIOTIC DIALOGUES BETWEEN EAST AND WEST CONTENTS Jinghua GUO and Asunción LÓPEZ-VARELA 7 Introduction Jinghua GUO 9 Cross-Cultural Inter-Semiotic Adaptation of Chinese Classics in the West Qingben LI 19 Marginocentric Beijing: Multicultural Cartography and Alternative Modernity in The Last Days of Old Beijing I-Chun WANG 29 Spectacles and the Discourse of Empathy in Oriental Versions of Turandot: A Dialogue with the West in Wei Minglun and Lo Kingman Peina ZHUANG 43 On Translation of Literary Terminology as Cultural Sign: with focus on translation of literary terms in History of Chinese Literature Lingling PENG and Yang GENG 59 Time Symbolism in Gourd Representations used in Chinese Culture and Art Shi YAN 71 Cross-Cultural Symbolic Consumption and the Behaviour of Chinese Consumers Lihua GUO 81 Symbol Analysis of Financial Enterprises' Advertisements – A Case Study of Citibank Eunsook YANG 89 Silk Road and Korea: Past and Present Soon-ok MYONG and Byong-soon CHUN 101 The Impact of Western Imperialist Collection of Korean Cultural Objects Antonetta L. BRUNO 111 Italian food suits Korean women Simon C. ESTOK 121 The Semiotics of Garbage, East and West: A Case Study of A. R. Ammons and Choi Sung-ho Kyung Han YOU 133 Exploring Mandam [Comic Talk] as a Unique Form of Political Entertainment in Korea During the Japanese Colonial Period Annette THORSEN VILSLEV 151 Feelings of Discomfort in Ōe's ”Prize Stock” I Gede Mugi RAHARJA 159 East and West Cross Cultural Semiotics. On Taman Ujung Bali Architecture Ulani YUNUS 171 Symbols of Cross-cultural Communication in Kasepuhan Palace Indonesia Luqman HAKIM and Siti Mutiah SETIAWATI 177 Building Up Trust in Peaceful and Democratic One Asia Nicolito A. GIANAN 185 Cross-Cultural Semiotic Dialogue and the Spoliarium Cultura. International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology 14(1)/2017: 101-109 The Impact of Western Imperialist Collection of Korean Cultural Objects Soon-ok MYONG Faculty of Oriental Studies Al -Farabi Kazakh National University Karasay Batyra 95, Almaty, Kazakhstan [email protected] Byong-soon CHUN Faculty of Oriental Studies Al -Farabi Kazakh National University Karasay Batyra 95, Almaty, Kazakhstan [email protected] Abstract: This paper investigates microcultural imperialism upon Eastern cultural heritage. In particular, it exposes the loss of Korean cultural artifacts during wars, and also during imperial cultural expeditions, visits of scholarly research groups, and diplomatic encournters. The paper argues that imperialist domination is sometimes concealed in the name of Oriental Studies projects and the assumed superiority of certain nations in terms of knowledge and technology. Keywords: cultural objects, imperialism, Korea, power relations INTRODUCTION Cultural objects possess a historical and memorial value that preserves the identity of the community that produced them. However, the cultural autonomy may not be guranteed for evey subject of cultural production. Just like Egypt, Mexico or Greece, Korea is a very rich nation in terms of cultural objects, although many of these have been scattered all over the world for diverse reasons. In April 2015, the Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation identified a number of 160,342 cultural objects scattered across twenty countries. Amongst them, as many as 67,708 pieces, and the the rest is in various other nations such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia, France, China, Denmark or Canada. Some of these are privately owned while others are displayed in public museums. Prior to the 1800s, the loss of these cultural objects was related to wars taking place in the Korean peninsula. However, since the nineteenth The online edition of this publication is available open access. Except where otherwise noted, content can be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0). For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 101 © 2017 Soon-ok MYONG / Byong-soon CHUN https://doi.org/10.3726/cul.2017.01.10 Soon-ok MYONG and Byong-soon CHUN / The Impact of Western Imperialist... century, imperialist expeditions, such as the French campaign in 1866, have been the main reason for the disappearance of many pieces. The present study explores the disappearance of ancient Korean books and documents to Western collections. Memorial museum exhibitions inspire visitors to envision the cultural identity of a community or a nation. However, when these exhibitions are removed from the original location, they become the testimony of the political, economic and social control exerted by the collector upon the original owners. As Boa Lee (2014) has argued, the exhibitions of foreign cultures at a museum may have educational and social effects, but to a certain extent, these are based on imperial myths. Edward Said has already warned that imperialism is promoted by the belief in the superiority of knowledge in the dominating group whereby it feels justified in taking control of what it considers as an inferior form of culture. Furthermore, managing the colonialized was a way to materialize the moral obligation to civilize barbarian culture. (Said, 1978/2007). Thus, by displaying the cultural objects in a museum, the dominant culture can visuall express its dominating power in front of all those who visit it, reproducing the reinvention of the collective memories of the colonized. In this process of cultural reinvention, power structures infiltrate all areas of human customs and traditions in a persistent move to exercise coercive forms of control, domination, infiltration, assimilation or exclusion. (Suh, 2014: 118) Thus, the purpose of this paper in highlighting cultural power is not only to investigate the unilateral top-down control exercised by imperial powers from a cultural-historical perspective. It is also to capture the clashes, negotiations,