USAID Cooperative Agreement No: EPP‐A‐00‐0400016‐00 Management Entity for IPM CRSP: Office of International Research, Education, & Development (OIRED) Virginia Tech, 526 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA 24060, www.oired.vt.edu/ipmcrsp/ Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Support Program FY 2009 Annual Report October 1, 2008 – September 30, 2009 Report Coordinators R. Muniappan Larry Vaughan Miriam Rich Annie Steed USAID Cooperative Agreement No: EPP-A-00-0400016-00 IPM CRSP Management Entity S.K. De Datta, Administrative PI, Director of OIRED, Associate Vice President for International Affairs, Virginia Tech R. Muniappan, Program Director Larry Vaughan, Associate Program Director Maria Elisa Christie, Women in Development Program Director Annie Steed, Research Associate Miriam Rich, Communications Coordinator Debbie Francis, Program Coordination Assistant IPM CRSP Program Advisory Board (PAB) Joseph Culin, Clemson University John Dooley, Virginia Tech Alma Hobbs, Virginia State University Bruce McPheron, Pennsylvania State University Bobby Moser, The Ohio State University Larry Olsen, Michigan State University (Chair) Robert Hedlund, USAID S. K. De Datta, Virginia Tech R. Muniappan, Virginia Tech Larry Vaughan, Virginia Tech IPM CRSP Technical Committee Jeffrey Alwang, Virginia Tech Kitty Cardwell, USDA, NIFA Mark Erbaugh, The Ohio State University Michael Hammig, Clemson University Samuel Kyamanywa, Makerere University, Uganda Karim Maredia, Michigan State University Wondi Mersie, Virginia State University Sally Miller, The Ohio State University Donald Mullins, Virginia Tech George Norton, Virginia Tech (Chair) Douglas Pfeiffer, Virginia Tech Edwin Rajotte, Pennsylvania State University Naidu Rayapati, Washington State University Stanley Woods, IFPRI Sue Tolin, Virginia Tech Yulu Xia, North Carolina State University Robert Hedlund, USAID S.K. De Datta, Virginia Tech R. Muniappan, Virginia Tech Larry Vaughan, Virginia Tech Maria Elisa Christie, Virginia Tech Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. 1 IPM in Latin America and the Caribbean: Crops for Broad-based Growth and Perennial Production for Fragile Ecosystems ..................................................................... 12 Regional IPM Program for East Africa: Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda ........................... 28 West African Regional Consortium of IPM Excellence ...................................................... 55 Regional Integrated Pest Management Research and Education for South Asia ......... 62 Ecologically-Based Participatory IPM for Southeast Asia ............................................... 118 Ecologically-Based Participatory and Collaborative Research and Capacity Building in IPM in the Central Asia Region ........................................................................................... 174 Integrated Pest Management of Specialty Crops in Eastern Europe ............................ 192 Management of the Weed Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) in Eastern and Southern Africa Using Integrated Cultural and Biological Measures ............................. 211 International Plant Diagnostic Network (IPDN) ................................................................. 219 Collaborative Assessment and Management of Insect- Transmitted Viruses .............. 249 Applications of Information Technology and Databases in IPM in Developing Countries and Development of a Global IPM Technology Database .............................................. 268 IPM CRSP Management Entity Activities .......................................................................... 273 Gender Equity ........................................................................................................................ 275 TRAINING AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT ...................................... 279 Long-Term Degree Training ................................................................................................. 279 Short-Term Training .............................................................................................................. 288 IPM CRSP Publications, Presentations, and other Products, FY2009 ......................... 318 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................ 348 Appendix A – List of Acronyms ............................................................................................ 348 Appendix B - Participating Institutions ................................................................................ 353 Appendix C – Tables and Figures ....................................................................................... 357 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Losses due to insects, diseases, weeds, nematodes, and other agricultural pests are a major constraint to improved agricultural productivity in developing countries. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has gained increased attention in recent years as a means of reducing losses due to pests, minimizing reliance on chemical pest control, and, therefore, fostering the long-term sustainability of agricultural systems. The Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Support Program (IPM CRSP) is an initiative of USAID. It is a collaborative partnership among U.S. and host country institutions with an emphasis on research, education, training, and information exchange. Virginia Tech has been implementing the IPM CRSP for the past 16 years with continuous support from USAID. The objective of this report is to present the progress and notable achievements by the seven regional and six global theme projects of the IPM CRSP during FY 2009. Regional Programs: In Honduras, solarisation and anti-insect screen houses were introduced for Latin America and the Caribbean production of disease and insect free (LAC) seedlings. Hot water treatment of Crops for Broad-based Growth and strawberry planting materials proved to Perennial Production for Fragile be effective in controlling the mites and Ecosystems the use of thermal mesh bags for control of papaya fruit fly Toxotrypana In Ecuador, five cocoa clones, SCA 6 curvicauda reduced the infestation by and 12 (resistant), EET 95 (susceptible) 80%. and Gu 175 and CCN 51 (with field tolerance), were used for assays of A preliminary evaluation indicated that different concentrations of the pathogen the eggplant fruit borer (Neoleucinodes Moniliophthora perniciosa. The resistant elegantalis) identified in South America SCA clones showed lower incidence may be a different species form the one values than the others. In biological that was identified in Central America. control of witches’ broom, one of the The pheromone used for monitoring the bacterial treatments completely eggplant fruit borer attracted the South suppressed disease throughout the American population, but did not attract duration of the dry season and produced the Central American population. statistically significant disease Furthermore, the Central America suppression throughout the rainy eggplant fruit borer does not feed on season. One hundred fifty F3 segregating tomatoes but the South American plants from five crosses between population does. Solanum quitoense (naranjilla) with S. hyporhodium, S. vestissimum and S. felinum received from the Indiana State University were evaluated for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora infestans. 1 East Africa resistant to Fusarium wilt. A PCR Regional IPM Program for East technique has been developed to monitor Africa: Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda progressive movement of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Screening tomato varieties for resistance apparently healthy banana suckers. to bacterial wilt in Kenya indicated that White coffee stem borer, antestia bug the variety MT56 was resistant but the and coffee berry borer were the serious fruits had a very poor shelf life and a pests of coffee in Tanzania. Occurrence round shape which made them of six species of thrips: Frankliniella unpopular for the local market. occidentalis, Thrips tabaci, Frankliniella Therefore, it was suggested that MT56 schultzei, Scirtothrips dorsalis, be used as a rootstock in grafting trials. Ceratothrips ericae, and Thrips palmi in Tomato seedlings raised in screen tomato and pepper fields in Uganda have houses were protected from the infection been confirmed. Tomato spotted wilt of early and late blights and infestation virus (TSWV) and Impatiens necrotic of whiteflies and lygus bugs. spot virus (INSV) have also been identified in Uganda. In Tanzania, mulching with dried grass or rice straw conserved moisture, West Africa reduced weeds in the field, increased the Regional Consortium of Integrated vigor of the plants and reduced the Pest Management Excellence incidence of blossom end rot in tomatoes. The most dominant weeds Whitefly densities on both crops and were blackjack (Bidens pilosa), weeds are lower at the Mali sites wondering jew (Commelina compared with any of the cropping benghalensis), mexican fireplant regions in Senegal. Whitefly activity (Euphorbia heretophylla), and false appears to be concentrated from amaranth (Digera muricata). Spiderplant December to March in Mali and whitefly (Cleome gynandra) and Tanzanian abundance is not only higher than in sunhemp (Crotalaria ochroleuca) as Mali but is also relatively constant repellant crops and marigold (Tagetes throughout most of the year in Senegal. sp.) as a trap