Masthead Logo Digital Commons @ George Fox University Doctor of Ministry Theses and Dissertations 2-1-2019 Embracing the Experience of Glossolalia (“Speaking in Tongues”) as a Principal Discipline of Christian Spiritual Formation Patricia A. Ruse [email protected] This research is a product of the Doctor of Ministry (DMin) program at George Fox University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Ruse, Patricia A., "Embracing the Experience of Glossolalia (“Speaking in Tongues”) as a Principal Discipline of Christian Spiritual Formation" (2019). Doctor of Ministry. 305. https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/dmin/305 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Ministry by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GEORGE FOX UNIVERSITY EMBRACING THE EXPERIENCE OF GLOSSOLALIA (“SPEAKING IN TONGUES”) AS A PRINCIPAL DISCIPLINE OF CHRISTIAN SPIRITUAL FORMATION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF PORTLAND SEMINARY IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF MINISTRY BY PATRICIA A. RUSE FEBRUARY 2019 Portland Seminary George Fox University Portland, Oregon CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL ________________________________ DMin Dissertation ________________________________ This is to certify that the DMin Dissertation of Patricia A. Ruse has been approved by the Dissertation Committee on February 19, 2019 for the degree of Doctor of Ministry in Leadership and Spiritual Formation Dissertation Committee: Primary Advisor: Aaron Friesen, PhD Secondary Advisor: Douglas Balzer, DMin Copyright © 2019 by Patricia A. Ruse All rights reserved. Unless otherwise noted, all Scripture quotations contained herein are taken from the New Oxford Annotated Bible: New Revised Standard Version with the Apocrypha, copyrighted 1989 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A., and are used by permission. All rights reserved. ii In Loving Memory of Elizabeth Virginia Simcask & Jerry Dale Ruse iii Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................... VII ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. XI CHAPTER ONE: SETTING THE FRAMEWORK AND BOUNDARIES .................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 Framework and Boundaries ....................................................................................... 4 Holy Spirit ................................................................................................................. 6 Defining Spiritual Formation ..................................................................................... 7 Defining Spiritual Disciplines .................................................................................... 9 Defining Glossolalia ................................................................................................ 13 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 19 CHAPTER 2: GLOSSOLALIA IN ISRAEL AND THE NEW TESTAMENT CHURCH ...................................................................................................................................... 20 Early Israel Worship & Prayer ................................................................................. 21 Worship ............................................................................................................. 21 Prayer ................................................................................................................ 22 New Testament Worship & Prayer ........................................................................... 23 Early Israel Glossolalia ........................................................................................... 24 New Testament Church Glossolalia ......................................................................... 28 Mark & Acts ...................................................................................................... 30 1 Corinthians ..................................................................................................... 36 CHAPTER THREE: PRACTICE OF GLOSSOLALIA IN CHURCH HISTORY (AD 100 TO THE REFORMATION) ................................................................................... 43 Spiritual Disciplines ................................................................................................ 43 Ante-Nicene Fathers ................................................................................................ 47 Irenaeus ............................................................................................................. 49 Montanists ......................................................................................................... 50 Tertullian ........................................................................................................... 51 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 52 Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers............................................................................... 53 Eusebius ............................................................................................................ 53 Hilary of Poitiers................................................................................................ 54 Ambrose ............................................................................................................ 55 Augustine .......................................................................................................... 56 Cappadocians ..................................................................................................... 58 Chrysostom ........................................................................................................ 59 Theodoret and Philoxenus .................................................................................. 61 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 62 Pre-Reformation Era (710-1582) .............................................................................. 62 Hildegard of Bingen ........................................................................................... 63 Teresa of Avila .................................................................................................. 64 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 65 iv CHAPTER FOUR: PRACTICE OF GLOSSOLALIA IN CHURCH HISTORY (REFORMATION THROUGH THE THIRD WAVE MOVEMENT) ........................... 67 Reformation............................................................................................................. 67 Martin Luther..................................................................................................... 67 Martin ................................................................................................................ 67 John Calvin ........................................................................................................ 68 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 69 Early Anabaptists..................................................................................................... 69 Jansenism .......................................................................................................... 70 Quakers ............................................................................................................. 71 John Wesley ...................................................................................................... 72 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 73 The Great Awakenings (1600-1800) ........................................................................ 75 Shakers .............................................................................................................. 75 Johnathan Edwards and George Whitfield .......................................................... 76 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 77 Pre-Pentecostals (1800-1906) .................................................................................. 78 Irvingites ........................................................................................................... 78 Dwight Moody ................................................................................................... 79 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 80 The Revivals (1865-1906) ....................................................................................... 80 1896 Revival ...................................................................................................... 80 Welsh Revival ................................................................................................... 81 Azusa Street Revival .........................................................................................