ALUMNUS, INGENIO AC LAHORE INSIGNIS, In Ctasse HOCCE PREMIUM MERITO CONSECUTUS EST. MDcccc.fr THE LIFE OF HENRY CALDERWOOD LL.D., F.R.S.E. BY HIS SON AND THE REV. DAVID WOODSIDE, B.D. WITH A SPECIAL CHAPTER ON HIS PHILOSOPHICAL WORKS BY A. SETH PRINGLE-PATTISON, LL.D. LONDON HODDER AND STOUGHTON 27 PATERNOSTER ROW MCM He bowed himself With all obedience to the king, and wrought All kinds of service with a noble ease That graced the lowliest act in doing it. TENNYSON. PREFACE THE task of preparing a suitable account of a life which was remarkable for the diverse character of its sustained interests and accomplished aims, has here been attempted by the method of fitting together, chronologically, the allotted portions of two separate authors. Each author being responsible for his own writing, each is separately indebted for assistance rendered. In presenting my portion, which I do with the greatest diffidence, I specially desire to thank Professor A. Seth Pringle-Pattison for his valued contribution of the chapter dealing with his late colleague's philo- sophical works. I thank my mother for constant aid in recollection of past events, and I thank also those who have so kindly contributed to the chapters dealing with University and public work in Edinburgh. I am iv HENRY CALDERWOOD greatly indebted to Dr. Hume Brown for revision of proofs. W. L. C. EDINBURGH, ist Aug. 1900. The portion of this work with which I have been specially charged has been to pourtray the ecclesiastical life and religious influence of Professor Calderwood. This I have sought to do in Chapters II. to VII. inclusive, and in Chapters XI., XII., XIV., and XVI. In the performance of this task, I have been greatly indebted to a large circle of friends of the late Professor Calderwood. Besides those whose contribu- tions are acknowledged, I desire specially to thank Rev. David Cairns (late of Stitchell), and Dr. Sydey of New Zealand for help in Divinity Hall chapter; Mr. H. Barnett of Glasgow for information on the ministry in and of and Greyfriars ; Rev. J. Oman, B.D., Alnwick, Rev. J. Willcock, B.D., of Lerwick, for kind assistance in correction of proofs. D. WOODSIDE. GLASGOW, August 1900. CONTENTS CHAPTER I ANTECEDENTS SCHOOL UNIVERSITY (1830-1850) PAGE Peebles Turnbull's house Parents Boyhood Student at Edin- burgh Sir William Hamilton, "Christopher North," Kelland John Veitch, David Cairns, and fellow-students Overwork i and illness . , . CHAPTER II AT THE DIVINITY HALL Course of [training Professors Position in class work Debating power Holyoake incident Early friends Love of music . 23 CHAPTER III CLOSE OF PERIOD OF PREPARATION Recess work Publication of Philosophy of the Infinite Licentiate Call to . Greyfriars . 42 CHAPTER IV MINISTRY IN GREYFRIARS, GLASGOW Ordination Marriage Difficulties in congregation Interest in Home Mission work New departures Power over the Personal . young dealing Ministry of consolation . 62 vi HENRY CALDERWOOD CHAPTER V PUBLIC WORK IN GLASGOW (1856-1868) PAGE Social Reform Temperance American civil war Sabbath question 96 CHAPTER VI EARLY POSITION IN THE SYNOD (1856-1868) First appearance Early views on Organ Question First debate on Union Union negotiations Work amongst United Pres- byterian students . .117 CHAPTER VII LAST YEARS OF GLASGOW MINISTRY (l86l-l868) First visit to the Continent Evangelical Alliance Death of parents Appointment to Edinburgh Chair Departure from Glasgow 139 CHAPTER VIII RESIDENCE IN EDINBURGH AND UNIVERSITY LIFE The new home George Lawrie Introductory lecture Controversy as to teaching of political economy Home life Reading The Moral Philosophy Class Interest in students A proposed Lectureship in Psychology . , . .164 CONTENTS vii CHAPTER IX VISITS TO THE CONTINENT, UNITED STATES, AND CANADA PAGE Walking tour in Switzerland, 1869 North Italy, the Vaudois, Con- tinental Sunday, the Tyrol Residence in Berlin, 1871 Ger- man philosophy, prominent Germans, studies, the triumphal entry of the troops after the Franco-German war Tour in the States and Canada, 1873 Official visits to the Presbyterian Churches in company with Dr. Eadie, New York, Princeton, Celebrities, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Richmond, Washington, President Grant, Toronto, Niagara, Montreal, Boston, Yale . 202 CHAPTER X PUBLIC LIFE IN EDINBURGH, AND EARLY POLITICS Chairman of first Edinburgh School Board, 1874 Lectures on Phil- osophy to Women, 1878 Work in connection with Medical Education of Women Edinburgh Association for the University Education of Women University Court University Students' Societies Presentation of Freedom of Peebles, 1877 Glad- stonian politics before the proposal for Irish Home Rule in 1886 226 CHAPTER XI GROWING INFLUENCE IN THE SYNOD (1870-1880) Revision of Confession of Faith Ferguson case Macrae case Union with Established Church Moderator of Synod . 251 CHAPTER XII SECOND VISIT TO AMERICA Voyage across Atlantic Reminiscences by Principal Hutton Trip through Canada Niagara Pan- Presbyterian Council Morse Lectures on Science and Religion Perilous voyage home . 282 viii HENRY CALDERWOOD CHAPTER XIII POLITICS LIBERAL UNIONIST PAGE East and North of Scotland Liberal Unionist Association President Southern Division of Edinburgh "The Split" and co-opera- tion with Conservative party Vice-Chairman East and North Association Mr. Parnell in Edinburgh Again asked to contest Southern Division of the city Impossibility of retiring from University Chair ...... 309 CHAPTER XIV LATER POSITIONS Disestablishment Early and later position Church Union Con- ferences of representative men Temperance Reform Three- fold Option ....... 334 CHAPTER XV LIFE AT CARR BRIDGE Ardnacoille Cordiality in the parish of Duthil Sunday evening services Visitors The Institute Presentation of Address Memorial tablet ...... 374 CHAPTER XVI RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE OF LATER LIFE Religious influence on students Recollections by Rev. J. Oman Influence in the Larger Church of Christ -Closing position in Synod . .386 CHAPTER XVII A LAST VISIT TO PEEBLES THE END Overwork in 1897 Illness Commencement of winter's work Return to scenes of boyhood The end . .413 THE PHILOSOPHICAL WORKS . .421 APPENDIX A list containing the late Henry Calderwood's more important writings 441 CHAPTER I ANTECEDENTS SCHOOL UNIVERSITY (1830-1850) Peebles Turnbull's house Parents Boyhood Student at Edinburgh Sir William Hamilton, "Christopher North," Kelland John Veitch, David Cairns, and fellow-students Overwork and illness. THE quiet old town of Peebles was the birthplace of Henry Calderwood, and, in spite of modern railways and one or two large mills, it is still quiet, and is still in the fresh, healthy country. A Royal Burgh since the time of David II., son of Bruce, the town nestles in the beautiful valley of Tweed, and is surrounded on every side by steep pastoral hills. From Tweed Bridge, where the river is broad and rapid, one can view the old castle of Neidpath standing guard by its wooded defile. The old peel towers, in a chain from Berwick to the Bield, have flashed their warnings on Cromwell's artillery and Prince Charlie's kilted followers. Now, however, all sights and sounds bring a sense of peace and harmony to the county town. Contra nando incrementum, runs the legend of the Burgh arms, on which one salmon is depicted swimming to the right, as against the stream, while two are swimming B 2 HENRY CALDERWOOD back again, the sermon of the salmon on the benefits of adversity. Three gates or ports formerly pierced the walls, and the street called the Norgate now exists as the entrance from the Edinburgh road, the spacious High Street being still, as we suppose it ever will be, the principal artery of the town. As one enters by Norgate, past the once famous Cleikum Inn, and turns to the right in High Street, the house in which Henry Calderwood was born, on loth May 1830, is within sixty paces. It can be readily distinguished by a curious old sculp- tured stone in the centre of the harled wall, bearing date " 1717, with the motto, God's Providence is my in- heritance." Never did any of the family visit Peebles " but " Turnbull's House was examined and the old motto read. It seems to have been the object of special interest to the son of the house, for in some of the treasured books of early days, under the boyish signature of Henry Calderwood we find the motto transcribed. William Calderwood, the father, was also born in Peebles, and is described by those who knew him as a man of keen intelligence, high purpose, and strictly honourable a fearless in dealing ; Christian, who judging his course of action sought merely to find the right, without regard to consequences. Once the right was determined, all counting of cost or speculation of result became idle waste of time. A man of great practical insight, he was frequently consulted, both in Peebles and in Edinburgh after he removed there, by those in difficulties, and many had occasion to remark his fearless rectitude as well as his sagacity. His brother's great friend, Rev. J. Dalgleish, a mis- sionary in the West Indies, wrote of him after his ANTECEDENTS 3 " death as follows : Religion was with him not a profession but a moving principle, going with him where he went and regulating all his conduct, and hence that thorough consistency which commended itself to all who knew him, and made him respected everywhere." On public questions of the time, such as the Corn Laws, Slavery, and Disestablishment, he held strong opinions, nor does he seem to have been in any way slow in giving expression to them. In politics he was an Advanced Liberal, and the Rev. David Cairns, who as a student frequently had the opportunity of discussing matters with him, says that " to make sacrifices for his faith he was ready political ; for when the Scottish Press newspaper, which was then the organ of the Advanced Liberal party in Scot- land, had got into financial difficulties, he became for a the of the as he time proprietor newspaper ; and, lost himself expressed it, both temper and money in the unwonted enterprise." Mr.