THE DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF A HYDRAULICALLY ACTUATED VALVE FOR A DUAL MODE TURBULENT JET IGNITION (DM-TJI) ENGINE By Joshua Myers A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Mechanical Engineering – Master of Science 2017 ABSTRACT THE DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF A HYDRAULICALLY ACTUATED VALVE FOR A DUAL MODE TURBULENT JET IGNITION(DM-TJI) ENGINE By Joshua Myers With the increased concern for the affect that the use of internal combustion engines has on the environment, interest in engine technologies that can reduce the emissions has increased significantly. One such example that is being investigated by Michigan State University is the use of a Dual Mode Turbulent Jet Ignition (DM-TJI) to replace the use of a traditional spark plug. A DM-TJI engine can produce a more complete burn of the fuel while also allowing for use of leaner air–fuel mixes resulting in improved fuel economy. Controlling the intake of air into the pre-chamber of the DM-TJI engine is extremely important for it to run properly since controlling the intake of air allows for purging and management of the strength of the ignition jets. To achieve this, a valve that is capable of operating at the speeds necessary to allow for the proper amount of air to enter the prechamber, has been designed and is under final fabrication. The purpose of this thesis is a proof of concept experiment and analysis. Areas of improvement have been identified and once viable modifications have been recommended. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank several people: My parents, Alan and Jenni, for supporting me and encouraging me to pursue my goals. Dr. Harold Schock, my advisor, for his financial support that allowed me to pursue my degree, and for making this project possible for me to work on, and for letting me work at the MSU Engine Research Lab. Dr. Zhu and Dr. Jaberi for being on my advisory committee. Tom Stuecken for his work in designing and building the setup and for helping with the editing of this thesis. Craig Gunn for helping edit this thesis. The staff and students of the Engine Research Laboratory, including Brian Rowley, Brian Diemling, Ruitao Song, and Ravi Vedula for helping me on several occasions to keep the experiments on track. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Motivation ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Introduction to Camless Valve Operation ............................................................................. 2 1.3 Previous Work ....................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 2 ................................................................................................................................... 6 Experimental Setup and Procedure ................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Major Equipment................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Hydraulic Pump ............................................................................................................. 6 2.1.2 Hydraulic Accumulator ................................................................................................. 7 2.1.3 Control Valve ................................................................................................................ 8 2.1.4 Piston, Retainers, Spring, and Poppet Valve ................................................................. 9 2.1.5 Assemblies ................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.6 Instrumentation ............................................................................................................ 11 2.2. Testing Procedures ............................................................................................................. 12 CHAPTER 3 ................................................................................................................................. 15 Proof of Concept Testing .............................................................................................................. 15 3.1 Initial Testing ...................................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Endurance Test .................................................................................................................... 19 3.3 Testing With New Return Spring ........................................................................................ 20 CHAPTER 4 ................................................................................................................................. 24 Simulation ..................................................................................................................................... 24 4.1 Baseline Model .................................................................................................................... 24 4.2 Valve Modification ............................................................................................................. 27 CHAPTER 5 ................................................................................................................................. 36 Summary and Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 36 CHAPTER 6 ................................................................................................................................. 37 Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 37 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 38 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Port configurations and what effect they had on the system .......................................... 29 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Hydraulic pump and hoses .............................................................................................. 6 Figure 2: Hydraulic oil accumulator ............................................................................................... 7 Figure 3: Sturman control valve ..................................................................................................... 8 Figure 4: Piston, retainers, spring, and piston shown in exploded view ......................................... 9 Figure 5: Lower Assembly............................................................................................................ 10 Figure 6: Exploded view of complete assembly ........................................................................... 10 Figure 7: Laser sensor placement ................................................................................................. 11 Figure 8: CAS user interface......................................................................................................... 12 Figure 9: Cycle profile for 1500 rpm and 135-degree duration .................................................... 16 Figure 10: Cycle variation for 1500 rpm and 135-degree duration profile................................... 16 Figure 11: Cycle variation for 1500 rpm and 135-degree duration for new accumulator placement ....................................................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 12: Cycle profile for 1500 rpm and 135-degree duration with pressurized air supply ...... 18 Figure 13: Cycle variation for pressurized air supply case ........................................................... 19 Figure 14: Cycle profiles for 1500 rpm and 135 degrees of duration for old and new preload of 449 N ............................................................................................................................................. 21 Figure 15: Cycle profiles for 1500 rpm and 135 degrees of duration for old and new preload of 627 N ............................................................................................................................................. 22 Figure 16: Baseline model component diagram ........................................................................... 25 Figure 17: Opening and closing profiles of physical tests versus the simulation ......................... 26 Figure 18: Ported cylinder model component diagram................................................................. 28 Figure 19: System pressure of ported vs non-ported cylinder ...................................................... 30 Figure 20: Modified piston component diagram .......................................................................... 32 Figure 21: Modified piston