Fiscal Year 2020 Annual Report June 2020 The information within this report is unlimited distribution, and has been prepared by: Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) Naval Research Program (NRP) Research & Sponsored Programs Office (RSPO) 699 Dyer Road, Bldg 234 Monterey, CA 93943 [email protected] https://nps.edu/nrp Provided by: NPS President: Dr. Ann E. Rondeau, VADM USN Ret. NPS Provost: Dr. Scott Gartner NPS Dean of Research: Dr. Jeffrey Paduan NPS NRP Program Manager: Mr. Matthew Kline NPS NRP Deputy Program Manager: LtCol David Forbell NPS NRP Integration Lead: Ms. Lois Hazard NPS NRP IT & Student Component Manager: Ms. Sadie L. Hastings MESSAGE FROM THE DEAN OF RESEARCH I am pleased to support the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) Naval Research Program (NRP) in the sixth complete fiscal year of the program. The studies sponsored within FY20 have made significant contributions to the Department of the Navy by providing insights to key operational problems that decision-makers face along with recommendations to support cost savings in a fiscally constrained environment. The NRP's program goals and execution support the Chief of Naval Operations vision of NPS as the Navy’s applied research university. The interactions, experiences and knowledge gains that occur here are unique; it would be difficult to replicate them anywhere else in the world, which makes NPS an invaluable Fleet asset. This report highlights results from the spectrum of NPS NRP research activities conducted on behalf of both Navy and Marine Corps Topic Sponsors during the 2020 fiscal year. Executive summaries from the research projects are included in the report. While most of those summaries detail final results, some projects have multi-year project lengths. In those cases, progress-to-date is reported. NRP is one critical component of the overall NPS research portfolio. Under the stewardship of the NPS president, it utilizes a dedicated block of research funding to assist the operational naval community with timely studies while also informing NPS students and faculty about the latest operational priorities. As such, NRP projects are excellent complements to the other faculty-driven research projects, which tend toward the basic research program areas. As we review results from 2020, we acknowledge that the work completed this year was constrained due to the global pandemic. While travel to collect data and meet with project stakeholders occurred differently this year, our faculty and students persevered to execute the work and build plans for future projects. Finally, the many benefits that accrue through the NPS NRP depend on the wholehearted participation of the NPS faculty, the NPS students, and the many Topic Sponsors from across the Navy and Marine Corps headquarters commands. My thanks to all who have participated during this program year. Sincerely, Dr. Jeffrey Paduan NPS Dean of Research Naval Postgraduate School Naval Research Program FY20 Annual Report i Table of Contents Message From the Dean of Research ..................................................................................................................... i Naval Research Program Overview .......................................................................................................................1 Background ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Organization .........................................................................................................................................................1 Mission and Goals ................................................................................................................................................2 Program Administration.....................................................................................................................................2 Accomplishments ................................................................................................................................................3 ASN(RDA) - Research, Development, and Acquisition ......................................................................................4 NPS-20-N017-A: Assessing the use of Plasma Discharges to Remove Coatings as a Strategy to Develop an Improved Ability to Maintain and Repair Naval Structures .....................................................................4 NPS-20-N022-A: Corrosion Testing of Cold Sprayed Coatings and Deposits in Simulated Austere Marine Environments .........................................................................................................................................5 NPS-20-N131-A: Operational Flexibility of Multi-mission Interceptors (HVP) ........................................8 NPS-20-N134-A: Railgun Capability on Amphibious Ships ...................................................................... 10 NPS-20-N143-A: Effectiveness of Hypervelocity Gun-Based Defense ...................................................... 14 NPS-20-N146-B: Commercial Batteries for Navy Use................................................................................. 17 NPS-20-N186-A: Decoupling the Engine from the Engine Room ............................................................ 18 NPS-20-N213-A: MDUSV ISR Mission Requirements, Equipment, and Force Structure .................... 21 N1 - Manpower, Personnel, Training & Education .......................................................................................... 24 NPS-20-N133-A: Building Connectedness: Managing Tensions Between Individual Participation and Organizational Control in Online Workplace Communities ..................................................................... 24 NPS-20-N191-B: Social Network Analysis, Connectedness, Intrinsic Motivation, and the Effect on Sailor Retention ................................................................................................................................................. 27 NPS-20-N306-A: Study Return on Investment ............................................................................................ 30 NPS-20-N319-A: Blended Training Environment ....................................................................................... 33 NPS-20-N326-A: Reliable Learning without Persistent Network Access ................................................. 35 NPS-20-N333-A: Inference on Missing Information on a Social Network .............................................. 36 NPS-20-N338-A: The Effects of Minority/Female Role Models and Diversity on Retention ................ 39 NPS-20-N351-A: Embedding a Formal Knowledge Management (KM) Process ................................... 41 N2/N6 - Information Warfare ............................................................................................................................. 43 NPS-19-N324-B: Mission Architecture for Maritime Domain Awareness Using Small Satellites ........ 43 NPS-20-J315-A: Integrating Joint Fires in Support of DMO with Focus on Integrating Unmanned and Conventional Fires ............................................................................................................................................ 46 NPS-20-N038-A: Adaptive Data Flow ........................................................................................................... 50 NPS-20-N054-A: Demonstration of Machine Learning Approach for Evaporation Duct NOWCAST as Part of Operational METOC Support ....................................................................................................... 51 NPS-20-N069-A: Testing and Refinement of Bayesian Data Analytics for Tactical Prediction Capabilities in Data Denied Areas .................................................................................................................. 54 NPS-20-N078-A: Turkey, Great Power Competition and the Maritime Domain ................................... 57 NPS-20-N164-A: Shipboard Deployment Testing of Light Fidelity (LiFi) with Power Line Communications (PLC) ................................................................................................................................... 59 NPS-20-N214-A: Cyber Warfighting System for Resilience and Response .............................................. 62 NPS-20-N238-A: Using Virtual Environments and 3D to Assess Issues Related to JF ISO DMO ....... 65 NPS-20-N313-A: Data Strategies in Support of the Naval Operational Architecture ............................. 65 Naval Postgraduate School Naval Research Program FY20 Annual Report ii Table of Contents Cont. NPS-20-N349-B: Leveraging Blockchain as an Autonomous Unclass Software Distribution Support 68 NPS-20-N366-A: Understanding the Sources of Illicit Drug Bale Wash-up ............................................ 70 N3/N5 - Plans & Strategy ...................................................................................................................................... 73 NPS-20-N068-A: Great Power Competition and Strategic Deterrence – Russian New Capabilities Impact on NATO and the U.S. ........................................................................................................................ 73 NPS-20-N269-A: 21st Century Naval Revolutions ...................................................................................... 75 NPS-20-N271-A: Russian Federation A2AD Posture: Global Impact on USN ....................................... 77