Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2005 The Artillery Lane Site: Archaeological Analysis from Late First Spanish Period St. Augustine Elizabeth Jo Chambless Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES THE ARTILLERY LANE SITE: ARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS FROM LATE FIRST SPANISH PERIOD ST. AUGUSTINE By ELIZABETH JO CHAMBLESS A Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2005 The members of the Committee approve the thesis of Elizabeth Jo Chambless defended on November 1, 2005. Rochelle A. Marrinan Professor Directing Thesis Glen H. Doran Committee Member Bonnie G. McEwan Committee Member Approved: Dean Falk, Chair, Department of Anthropology Joseph Travis, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii For Max Thomasson Papa, our family’s original archaeologist iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my advisor Dr. Rochelle Marrinan for her guidance and friendship during my time at Florida State University. I also thank Dr. Glen Doran and Dr. Bonnie McEwan for their insights and input regarding my thesis study. Carl Halbirt, Archaeologist for the City of St. Augustine, deserves great thanks for providing the study sample. I gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Rochelle Marrinan and Brian Worthington in the identification of faunal remains. The expertise of Dr. David Steadman of the Ornithology Range at the Florida Museum of Natural History was likewise greatly appreciated. My graduate career would have been a great deal bleaker without the friendship and commiseration of my study-buddy and roommate Meredith Marten. Thank you for all the songs, pep talks, and mutual meltdowns. I could not have completed this effort without the love and encouragement of my parents, Bill and Sally Chambless, and my sister and brother-in-law, Susan and Marcus Kolmetz. Finally, my humble thanks be to God, from Whom all blessings flow. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables .................................................................................... vii List of Figures .................................................................................... ix Abstract .......................................................................................... xi 1. Introduction .................................................................................... 1 2. Environmental Setting ....................................................................... 5 Physical Setting.............................................................................. 5 Climate .................................................................................... 6 Ecosystem and Natural Resources ................................................ 7 3. Background and Problem Orientation ............................................... 10 First Spanish Period St. Augustine................................................. 10 The Menéndez Marquéz House .................................................... 19 4. Methodology and Results.................................................................. 24 Analysis Methodology .................................................................... 24 Results .................................................................................... 25 Summary .................................................................................... 55 5. Discussion .................................................................................... 57 Comparative Assemblages ............................................................ 57 Interpretation .................................................................................. 61 The Closing Days of the First Spanish Period................................ 66 6. Summary and Conclusions ............................................................... 73 v APPENDICES .................................................................................... 75 A Dating the Artillery Lane Trash Pit: Ceramic Data .................... 75 B Dating the Artillery Lane Trash Pit: Pipe Stem Data ................. 76 C Artillery Lane Material Culture................................................... 77 D Artillery Lane Faunal Material ................................................... 82 REFERENCES .................................................................................... 84 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .................................................................... 90 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Artillery Lane glass by type and count................................... 25 Table 4.2: Artillery Lane glass by type and weight ................................. 25 Table 4.3: Artillery Lane spirit bottle sherds types by weight.................. 28 Table 4.4: Artillery Lane ceramics by type and count............................. 35 Table 4.5: Artillery Lane ceramics by type and weight ........................... 35 Table 4.6: Artillery Lane porcelain by type and count............................. 36 Table 4.7: Artillery Lane porcelain by type and weight ........................... 36 Table 4.8: Artillery Lane stoneware by type and count........................... 38 Table 4.9: Artillery Lane stoneware by type and weight ......................... 38 Table 4.10: Artillery Lane slipwares by type and count .......................... 40 Table 4.11: Artillery Lane slipwares by type and weight......................... 40 Table 4.12: Artillery Lane refined earthenwares by type and count........ 40 Table 4.13: Artillery Lane refined earthenwares by type and weight ...... 40 Table 4.14: Artillery Lane coarse earthenwares by type and count........ 43 Table 4.15: Artillery Lane coarse earthenwares by type and weight ...... 43 Table 4.16: Artillery Lane tin-enameled earthenwares by type and count 47 Table 4.17: Artillery Lane tin-enameled earthenwares by type and weight 47 Table 4.18: Artillery Lane creamware by type and count........................ 48 Table 4.19: Artillery Lane creamware by type and weight ...................... 48 Table 4.20: Artillery Lane aboriginal ceramics by type and count .......... 48 vii Table 4.21: Artillery Lane aboriginal ceramics by type and weight......... 49 Table 4.22: Artillery Lane mammal species............................................ 49 Table 4.23: Dominant species combined with UID Mammal categories. 50 Table 4.24: Artillery Lane avian species................................................. 50 Table 4.25: Artillery Lane reptilian species............................................. 51 Table 4.26: Artillery Lane fish species.................................................... 52 Table 4.27: Artillery Lane invertebrate species ...................................... 52 Table 4.28: South’s (1977) Artifact Class/Group designations ............... 55 Table 4.29: Artillery Lane Site Profile ..................................................... 56 Table 5.1: Datable ceramics by count and century of manufacture........ 61 Table 5.2: Datable ceramics by weight and century of manufacture ...... 61 Table 5.3: All datable artifacts by count and century of manufacture ..... 62 Table 5.4: All datable artifacts by weight and century of manufacture ... 62 Table 5.5: Derivation of the Status Artifact Index ................................... 67 Table 5.6: Ceramic categories by site and percentage .......................... 68 Table 5.7: Faunal data from Artillery Lane and comparative assemblages 70 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Site map by Carl Halbirt indicating the locations of the coquina wall remnant, the shell concentration, and the circular trash pit feature on Artillery Lane .................................................................... 2 Figure 2.1: 1763 map of St. Augustine................................................... 6 Figure 2.2: Salt marsh near Fort Mose, north of St. Augustine ............. 7 Figure 2.3: St. Augustine and surrounding landmarks and water bodies 8 Figure 3.1: Pedro Menéndez de Avilés ................................................. 11 Figure 3.2: The Castillo de San Marcos ................................................ 13 Figure 3.3: 1777 map of St. Augustine demonstrating Spanish grid plan 14 Figure 3.4: Franciscan mission chain circa 1606 .................................. 18 Figure 3.5: Elevation of Menéndez Marquéz house circa 1770 by E. Gordon after sketch by English Engineer Moncrief ............................... 21 Figure 4.1: Close-up image of wire bail on spirit bottle mouth ............... 26 Figure 4.2: Basic spirit bottle anatomy .................................................. 27 Figure 4.3: Spanish blue-green glass, late seventeenth century ........... 30 Figure 4.4: English cordial glass, circa 1750 ......................................... 31 Figure 4.5: Wrought spike suggestive of a mouth harp ......................... 32 Figure 4.6: Lock-shaped iron object of unknown function ..................... 33 Figure 4.7: Mid-eighteenth century brass coach hinge .......................... 34 Figure 4.8: Brass finial from Artillery Lane ............................................. 34 Figure 4.9: Rhenish stoneware from Artillery Lane ............................... 37 ix Figure 4.10: American trailed slipware in the Moravian tradition