Biodiversity: The UK Steering Group Report Volume 2: Action Plans (Annex F and Annex G) 1995 For more information about the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UK BAP) visit http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-5155 ANNEX F LISTS OF KEY SPECIES, KEY HABITATS AND BROAD HABITATS ANNEX F: LISTS OF KEY SPECIES, KEY HABITATS KEY TO BIODIVERSITY LISTS AND BROAD HABITATS The following lists are not intended to be comprehensive but to provide an indication of how each species qualifies for inclusion under the selection process. Thus, the information does not provide a full synopsis of all the Directives and Conventions on which species are SPECIES LISTS HABITAT LISTS listed, but is restricted to those relevant to their inclusion under this process. 1. This section contains three lists: a long list of some 1250 6. Key habitats were selected using one or more of the In order to present the information concisely, abbreviations have been used. The following provides a key to interpret these: species; a middle list of just under 300 species (for which following criteria: habitats for which the UK has international STATUS: action plans will be produced during the next three years), obligations; habitats at risk, such as those with a high rate of RDB = Red Data Book and a short list of 116 species (for which action plans have decline especially over the last 20 years, or which are rare; (RDB 1 = Endangered, RDB 2 = Vunerable, RDB 3 = Rare) (using original IUCN Red list been produced). The criteria used in compiling these lists areas, particularly marine areas, which may be functionally } pRDB = Proposed for British Red Data list categories) are explained in Chapter 2 of the report. critical, and areas important for key species. CR = Critically endangered (using 1994 IUCN Red list 2. It was agreed that species which qualified for one or more 7. This gave a list of 38 key habitats, for which costed plans EN = Endangered } categories) of the following categories should be considered for the long have been prepared for 14 (see Annex G). We propose that VU = Vulnerable list: the remaining 24 costed habitat action plans be written within three years, with the great majority within two years. INTERNATIONAL THREAT: • threatened endemic and globally threatened species; 2 Species of global conservation concern • species where the UK has more than 25% of the world 8. In addition, a classification of 37 broad habitat types, to 2? Status uncertain - possibly 2 include the whole land surface of the UK, and the surrounding or appropriate biogeographical population; 1 Unfavourable conservation status in Europe • species where numbers or range have declined by more sea to the edge of the continental shelf in the Atlantic Ocean 0 Favourable conservation status in Europe than 25% in the last 25 years; has been developed as a basic framework. Further work is • in some instances where the species is found in fewer required to fill gaps, eg caves and natural rock exposures. A INTERNATIONAL IMPORTANCE: than 15 ten km squares in the UK; and brief habitat statement has been prepared for each of these 3 75+% of the world population in the UK to inform national and local policy and action. These are set • species which are listed in the EC Birds or Habitats 3* Believed endemic out in Annex G. Directives, the Bern, Bonn or CITES Conventions, or 3*? Possible endemic 2 50 - 74% of the world population in the UK under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 or the 1 25 - 49% of the world population in the UK Nature Conservation and Amenity Lands (Northern 0 0 - 24% of the world population in the UK Ireland) Order 1985. The middle and short lists contain species which are either DECLINE: globally threatened or are rapidly declining in the UK (ie by 2 50 - 100% decline in numbers/range in GB in last 25 years more than 50% in the last 25 years). 1 25 - 49% decline in numbers/range in GB in last 25 years 0 0 - 24% decline in numbers/range in GB in last 25 years 3. The long list does not claim to be a comprehensive record 0 0 - 24% increase in numbers/range in GB in last 25 years of species of conservation concern. It lacks several thousand -1 25 - 49% increase in numbers/range in GB in last 25 years nationally threatened (Red List), rare and scarce species. We -2 50+% increase in numbers/range in GB in last 25 years did not think it appropriate to add all these species to the LOCALISATION long list, especially as the process of re-assessing national Values for marine species are as follows: Red Lists, to bring them into line with the revised threat 2 Currently occurs in 1 - 5 10km squares in GB 2 Currently occurs in 1 - 3 10km squares in GB criteria issued by IUCN in 1994, has only just begun. Also, 1 Currently occurs in 6 - 15 10km squares in GB 1 Currently occurs in 4 - 8 10km squares in GB more information is needed about the international status + Currently occurs in 16 - 100 10km squares in GB + Currently occurs in 9 - 55 10km squares in GB of most invertebrates and many lower plants before definitive 0 Currently occurs in 101+ 10km squares in GB 0 Currently occurs in 56+ 10km squares in GB statements on the status of species can be made for these (BR = Breeding numbers) groups. The long list will be reviewed as more information (W = Winter numbers) becomes available and as changes are made to the species (S = Numbers at sea) protected under UK and international legislation. For species occuring in Northern Ireland only, the values apply to that Province only. 4. Selection of species for the middle list was carried out EC DIRECTIVES Birds Directive Annex I (native species only) using the criteria of “international threat” and “rapid decline EC Habitats Directive Annex II and/or IV (native species only) in the UK”. This is only one of a number of approaches which could have been used. The international threat criterion is BERN CONVENTION Appendices I and II (native species only) difficult to apply to invertebrates and some lower plants BONN CONVENTION Appendices I and II (native species only) because of the dearth of collated information on the status UK ACT SCHEDS. 1 Schedule 1 (a) Schedule 1 of these groups in other countries. Decline is difficult to Wildlife and Wildlife (Northern 5 Schedule 5 (b) Schedule 5 }}Countryside Act 1981 Ireland) Order 1985 quantify for most invertebrates and many plants, except in 8 Schedule 8 (c) Schedule 8 terms of distribution. Legislative responsibilities, Red List 5* Schedule 5 but protection against sale only status and endemism are also important factors to be taken into consideration. EXTINCTION Denoted by X 5. Care was taken to include the plants, invertebrates and X(C) indicates a species which has gone extinct in the wild but is held in captivity vertebrates for which the UK has obligations under X(R) indicates a species which has gone extinct in the wild but has been re-introduced international legislation, as well as our endemic species and other species in urgent need of action. Short list of Globally Threatened/Declining Species Group Scientific name Common name Family Status Int. Int. Decline Local. EC Bern Bonn UK Act Extinct threat import. Annex App. App. Sched. Mammal Arvicola terrestris water vole Muridae 0 0 1 0 Mammal Lepus europaeus brown hare Leporidae 0 0 1 0 Mammal Lutra lutra lutra European otter Mustelidae 2? 0 -1 0 IIa IVa II 5 Mammal Muscardinus avellanarius dormouse Gliridae 1 0 1 0 IVa 5(b) Mammal Myotis myotis greater mouse-eared bat Vespertilionidae 2? 0 2 2 IIa IVa II 5 X Mammal Phocoena phocoena harbour porpoise Phocoenidae 2 0 0 1 IIa IVa II II 5(b) Mammal Pipistrellus pipistrellus pipistrelle bat Vespertilionidae 1 0 1 0 IVa II 5(b) Mammal Rhinolophus ferrumequinum greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophidae 1 0 1 + IIa IVa II II 5 Mammal Sciurus vulgaris red squirrel Aplodontidae 0 0 1 0 5(b) Bird Acrocephalus paludicola aquatic warbler Sylviidae 2 0 0 1 I Bird Alauda arvensis skylark Alaudidae 1 0 2 0 Bird Botaurus stellaris bittern Ardeidae 1 0 2 2 I II II 1 Bird Burhinus oedicnemus stone curlew Burhinidae 1 0 2 + I II II 1 Bird Crex crex corncrake Rallidae 2 0 2 + I II 1 Bird Loxia scotica Scottish crossbill Fringillidae 2 3 0 + I II 1 Bird Perdix perdix grey partridge Phasianidae 1 0 2 0 Bird Tetrao urogallus capercaillie Tetraonidae 0 0 2 + I Bird Turdus philomelos song thrush Turdidae 0 0 2 0 Amphibian Bufo calamita natterjack toad Bufonidae 1 0 1 + IVa II 5 Amphibian Triturus cristatus great crested newt Salamandridae 1 0 1 0 IIa IVa II 5 Reptile Lacerta agilis sand lizard Lacertidae 1 0 1 + IVa II 5 Fish Alosa alosa allis shad Clupeidae 1 0 2 1 IIa 5 Fish Alosa fallax twaite shad Clupeidae 1 0 2 1+ IIa Fish Coregonus albula vendace Coregonidae 1 0 2 2 5 Fish Coregonus autumnalis pollan Coregonidae Ants Formica candica (transkaucasica) bog ant Formicidae RDB 1 2? 1? 0 2? Ants Formica exsecta narrow-headed ant Formicidae RDB 1 1 0 1 2 Ants Formica pratensis (nigricans) black-backed meadow ant Formicidae RDB 1 1? 0 2 2 ? Bees Bombus sylvarum shrill carder bee, knapweed carder bee Apidae 1? 0 2? 1? Beetle Aphodius niger a scarab beetle Scarabaeidae RDB 1 ? ? 0 2 Beetle Bembidion argentoleum a ground beetle Carabidae X? Beetle Carabus intricatus blue ground beetle Carabidae RDB 1 2 0 2 2 Beetle Cathormiocerus brittanicus a weevil Curculionidae RDB 1 2? 3* 0 2 Beetle Cryptocephalus coryli a leaf beetle Chrysomelidae RDB 1 ? ? 2 2 Beetle Cryptocephalus exiguus a leaf beetle Chrysomelidae RDB 1 ? ? 2 2 Beetle Limoniscus violaceus violet click beetle Elateridae RDB 1 2? 2? 0 2 IIa 5 Beetle Lucanus cervus stag beetle Lucanidae