“Pure intellectual stimulation that can be popped into Topic Subtopic the [audio or video player] anytime.” Fine Arts & Music Visual Arts —Harvard Magazine A History of European Art A History of European “Passionate, erudite, living legend lecturers. Academia’s best lecturers are being captured on tape.” —The Los Angeles Times A History of “A serious force in American education.” —The Wall Street Journal European Art Course Guidebook Professor William Kloss Independent Art Historian, The Smithsonian Associates, Smithsonian Institution Professor William Kloss is an independent art historian and lecturer for the Smithsonian Institution’s seminar and travel program. He has delivered hundreds of courses and lectures around the world on a range of European and American art to such prestigious universities and institutions as the University of Virginia, The Art Institute of Chicago, and Sotheby’s Institute. THE GREAT COURSES® Corporate Headquarters 4840 Westfields Boulevard, Suite 500 Chantilly, VA 20151-2299 Guidebook USA Phone: 1-800-832-2412 www.thegreatcourses.com Cover Image: © Studio DMM Photography, Designs & Art/Shutterstock.com; 2010 by Dover Publications, Inc. Course No. 7100 © 2005 The Teaching Company. PB7100A PUBLISHED BY: THE GREAT COURSES Corporate Headquarters 4840 Westfi elds Boulevard, Suite 500 Chantilly, Virginia 20151-2299 Phone: 1-800-832-2412 Fax: 703-378-3819 www.thegreatcourses.com Copyright © The Teaching Company, 2005 Printed in the United States of America This book is in copyright. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of The Teaching Company. William Kloss, M.A. Independent Art Historian, The Smithsonian Associates, Smithsonian Institution rofessor William Kloss is an independent art historian and scholar who lectures and Pwrites about a wide range of European and American art. He was educated at Oberlin College, where he earned a B.A. in English and an M.A. in Art History. Professor Kloss continued his postgraduate work as a Teaching Fellow at the University of Michigan. He was awarded a Fulbright Fellowship for two years of study in Rome and was an Assistant Professor of Art History at the University of Virginia, where he taught 17th- and 18th-century European art and 19th-century French art. His courses were very highly rated by both undergraduate and graduate students. A resident of Washington DC, Professor Kloss has enjoyed a long association with the Smithsonian Institution as an independent lecturer for the seminar and travel program, presenting more than 100 courses in the United States and abroad on subjects ranging from ancient Greek art to Impressionism to the works of Winslow Homer. He has also been a featured lecturer for the National Trust for Historic Preservation and for The Art Institute of Chicago and a guest faculty lecturer for the American Arts Course at Sotheby’s Institute of Art. Professor Kloss serves on the Committee for the Preservation of the White House, a presidential appointment he has held since 1990, and is a member of the Portrait Advisory Panel for the U.S. Senate Commission on Art. He is the author of several books, including the award-winning Art in the White House: A Nation’s Pride and most recently coauthored United States Senate Catalogue of Fine Art. He has also written articles published in Winterthur Portfolio, The Magazine Antiques, American Arts Quarterly, White House History, and Antiques & Fine Art and has recorded four earlier Teaching i Company courses: Great Artists of the Italian Renaissance, A History of European Art, Dutch Masters: The Age of Rembrandt, and Masterworks of American Art. Ŷ ii Table of Contents INTRODUCTION Professor Biography ............................................................................i Course Scope .....................................................................................1 LECTURE GUIDES LECTURE 1 Approaches to European Art ..............................................................4 LECTURE 2 Carolingian and Ottonian Art ............................................................14 LECTURE 3 Romanesque Sculpture and Architecture .........................................20 LECTURE 4 Gothic Art in France ..........................................................................27 LECTURE 5 Gothic Art in Germany and Italy........................................................33 LECTURE 6 Giotto and the Arena Chapel—Part I ................................................40 LECTURE 7 Giotto and the Arena Chapel—Part II ...............................................46 LECTURE 8 Duccio and the Maestà .....................................................................52 LECTURE 9 Sienese Art in the 14th Century .........................................................58 LECTURE 10 The Black Death and the International Style ....................................65 iii Table of Contents LECTURE 11 Early Renaissance Sculpture in Florence.........................................71 LECTURE 12 Early Renaissance Architecture in Florence .....................................77 LECTURE 13 Masaccio and Early Renaissance Painting ......................................83 LECTURE 14 Jan van Eyck and Northern Renaissance Art ...................................89 LECTURE 15 Northern Renaissance Altarpieces ...................................................96 LECTURE 16 Piero della Francesca in Arezzo .....................................................102 LECTURE 17 Sandro Botticelli..............................................................................107 LECTURE 18 Andrea Mantegna and Giovanni Bellini ..........................................113 LECTURE 19 High Renaissance Painting in Venice .............................................120 LECTURE 20 The High Renaissance—Leonardo da Vinci ...................................126 LECTURE 21 The High Renaissance—Raphael ..................................................132 LECTURE 22 The High Renaissance—Michelangelo ..........................................138 LECTURE 23 Albrecht Dürer and German Renaissance Art ................................145 iv Table of Contents LECTURE 24 Riemenschneider and Grünewald ..................................................152 LECTURE 25 Netherlandish Art in the 16th Century ..............................................158 LECTURE 26 Pieter Bruegel the Elder .................................................................165 LECTURE 27 Mannerism and the Late Work of Michelangelo .............................170 LECTURE 28 Annibale Carracci and the Reform of Art ........................................176 LECTURE 29 Caravaggio .....................................................................................183 LECTURE 30 Italian Baroque Painting in Rome ...................................................190 LECTURE 31 Gian Lorenzo Bernini ......................................................................196 LECTURE 32 Peter Paul Rubens .........................................................................201 LECTURE 33 Dutch Painting in the 17th Century ..................................................208 LECTURE 34 Rembrandt ......................................................................................214 LECTURE 35 Poussin and Claude—The Allure of Rome .....................................221 LECTURE 36 Baroque Painting in Spain ..............................................................228 v Table of Contents LECTURE 37 Louis XIV and Versailles .................................................................236 LECTURE 38 French Art in the 18th Century .........................................................242 LECTURE 39 Neoclassicism and the Birth of Romanticism .................................248 LECTURE 40 Romanticism in the 19th Century .....................................................255 LECTURE 41 Realism—From Daumier to Courbet ..............................................263 LECTURE 42 Manet and Monet—The Birth of Impressionism .............................270 LECTURE 43 Monet and Degas ...........................................................................277 LECTURE 44 Renoir, Pissarro, and Cézanne.......................................................282 LECTURE 45 Beyond Impressionism—From Seurat to Matisse ..........................290 LECTURE 46 Cubism and Early Modern Painting ................................................297 LECTURE 47 Modern Sculpture—Rodin and Brancusi ........................................305 LECTURE 48 Art between Two Wars—Kandinsky to Picasso ..............................312 vi Table of Contents SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL Timeline ..........................................................................................320 Glossary .........................................................................................329 Biographical Notes .........................................................................339 Bibliography ....................................................................................355 vii viii A History of European Art Scope: n this course, we’ll survey the great monuments of European painting, sculpture, and architecture from the age of Charlemagne to the onset Iof World War II. We’ll spend time together examining major works by the