BRAIDWOOD-UFSAR CHAPTER 2.0 - SITE CHARACTERISTICS TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 2.0 SITE CHARACTERISTICS 2.1-1 2.1 GEOGRAPHY AND DEMOGRAPHY 2.1-1 2.1.1 Site Location and Description 2.1-1 2.1.1.1 Specification of Location 2.1-1 2.1.1.2 Site Area Map 2.1-1 2.1.1.3 Boundaries for Establishing Effluent Release Limits 2.1-2 2.1.2 Exclusion Area Authority and Control 2.1-3 2.1.2.1 Authority 2.1-3 2.1.2.2 Control of Activities Unrelated to Plant Operation 2.1-3 2.1.2.3 Arrangements for Traffic Control 2.1-3 2.1.2.4 Abandonment or Relocation of Roads 2.1-3 2.1.3 Population Distribution 2.1-4 2.1.3.1 Population Within 10 Miles 2.1-5 2.1.3.2 Population Between 10 and 50 Miles 2.1-5 2.1.3.3 Transient Population 2.1-6 2.1.3.4 Low Population Zone 2.1-7 2.1.3.5 Population Center 2.1-8 2.1.3.6 Population Density 2.1-9 2.1.4 References 2.1-9 2.2 NEARBY INDUSTRIAL, TRANSPORTATION, AND MILITARY FACILITIES 2.2-1 2.2.1 Locations and Routes 2.2-1 2.2.2 Descriptions 2.2-3 2.2.2.1 Description of Facilities 2.2-3 2.2.2.2 Description of Products and Materials 2.2-3 2.2.2.3 Pipelines 2.2-3 2.2.2.4 Waterways 2.2-4 2.2.2.5 Airports 2.2-4 2.2.2.6 Projections of Industrial Growth 2.2-5 2.2.3 Evaluation of Potential Accidents 2.2-5 2.2.3.1 Determination of Design Basis Events 2.2-5 2.2.3.1.1 Explosions 2.2-5 2.2.3.1.2 Flammable Vapor Clouds (Delayed Ignition) 2.2-6 2.2.3.1.3 Toxic Chemicals 2.2-7 2.2.3.1.4 Fires 2.2-7 2.2.3.1.5 Collisions with Intake Structure 2.2-7 2.2.3.1.6 Liquid Spills 2.2-7 2.2.4 References 2.2-7 2.0-i REVISION 9 – DECEMBER 2002 BRAIDWOOD-UFSAR TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) PAGE 2.3 METEOROLOGY 2.3-1 2.3.1 Regional Climatology 2.3-1 2.3.1.1 General Climate 2.3-1 2.3.1.2 Regional Meteorological Conditions for Design and Operating Bases 2.3-4 2.3.1.2.1 Thunderstorms, Hail, and Lightning 2.3-4 2.3.1.2.2 Tornadoes and Severe Winds 2.3-6 2.3.1.2.3 Heavy Snow and Severe Glaze Storms 2.3-8 2.3.1.2.4 Ultimate Heat Sink Design 2.3-9 2.3.1.2.5 Inversions and High Air Pollution Potential 2.3-10 2.3.2 Local Meteorology 2.3-12 2.3.2.1 Normal and Extreme Values of Meteorological Parameters 2.3-12 2.3.2.1.1 Winds 2.3-12 2.3.2.1.2 Temperatures 2.3-15 2.3.2.1.3 Atmospheric Moisture 2.3-16 2.3.2.1.3.1 Relative Humidity 2.3-16 2.3.2.1.3.2 Dew-Point Temperature 2.3-17 2.3.2.1.4 Precipitation 2.3-18 2.3.2.1.4.1 Precipitation Measured as Water Equivalent 2.3-18 2.3.2.1.4.2 Precipitation Measured as Snow or Ice Pellets 2.3-20 2.3.2.1.5 Fog 2.3-20 2.3.2.1.6 Atmospheric Stability 2.3-21 2.3.2.2 Potential Influence of the Plant and Its Facilities on Local Meteorology 2.3-24 2.3.2.3 Topographical Description 2.3-26 2.3.3 Onsite Meteorological Measurements Program 2.3-26 2.3.4 Short-Term (Accident) Diffusion Estimates 2.3-33 2.3.4.1 Objective 2.3-33 2.3.4.2 Calculations (For use with TID-14844 based dose analyses) 2.3-33 2.3.5 Long-Term (Routine) Diffusion Estimates (For TID- 14844 based dose analyses) 2.3-35 2.3.5.1 Objective (For TID-14844 based dose analyses) 2.3-35 2.3.5.2 Calculations (For TID-14844 based dose analyses) 2.3-35 2.3.5.2.1 Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Direction, Wind Speed and Stability (For TID- 14844 based dose analyses) 2.3-36 2.3.5.2.2 Effective Release Height (For TID-14844 based dose analyses) 2.3-38 2.3.5.2.3 Annual Average Atmospheric Dilution Factor (For TID-14844 based dose analyses) 2.3-40 2.3.6 Short-term (Accident) Diffusion Estimates (Alternative Source Term /Q Analysis) 2.3-42 2.3.6.1 Objective 2.3-42 2.3.6.2 Meteorological Data 2.3-42 2.3.6.3 Calculation of /Q at the EAB and LPZ 2.3-42 2.0-ii REVISION 12 – DECEMBER 2008 BRAIDWOOD-UFSAR TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) 2.3.6.3.1 PAVAN Meteorological Database 2.3-42b 2.3.6.3.2 PAVAN Model Input Parameters 2.3-42c 2.3.6.3.3 PAVAN EAB and LPZ χ/Q 2.3-42c 2.3.6.4 Calculation of χ/Q at the Control Room Intakes 2.3-42d 2.3.6.4.1 ARCON96 Model Analysis 2.3-42d 2.3.6.4.1.1 ARCON96 Meteorological Database 2.3-42f 2.3.6.4.1.2 ARCON96 Input Parameters 2.3-42f 2.3.6.4.1.3 ARCON96 Control Room Intake χ/Q 2.3-43 2.0-iia REVISION 12 – DECEMBER 2008 BRAIDWOOD-UFSAR TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) PAGE 2.3.7 References 2.3-43 2.4 HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING 2.4-1 2.4.1 Hydrologic Description 2.4-1 2.4.1.1 Site and Facilities 2.4-1 2.4.1.2 Hydrosphere 2.4-2 2.4.2 Floods 2.4-4 2.4.2.1 Flood History 2.4-4 2.4.2.2 Flood Design Considerations 2.4-4 2.4.2.3 Effects of Local Intense Precipitation 2.4-5 2.4.3 Probable Maximum Floods (PMF) on Steams and Rivers 2.4-8 2.4.3.1 Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) on the Kankakee River, the Mazon River, and Crane and Granary Creeks 2.4-9 2.4.3.2 Precipitation Losses on the Kankakee River, the Mazon River, and Crane and Granary Creeks 2.4-9 2.4.3.3 Runoff and Stream Course Models for the Kankakee River, the Mazon River, and Crane and Granary Creeks 2.4-10 2.4.3.4 Probable Maximum Flood Flow on the Kankakee River, the Mazon River, and Crane and Granary Creeks 2.4-10 2.4.3.5 Water Level Determination for the Kankakee River, the Mazon River, and Crane And Granary Creeks 2.4-11 2.4.3.6 Coincident Wind Wave Activity 2.4-13 2.4.4 Potential Dam Failures, Seismically Induced 2.4-13 2.4.5 Probable Maximum Surge and Seiche Flooding 2.4-13 2.4.6 Probable Maximum Tsunami Flooding 2.4-13 2.4.7 Ice Effects 2.4-13 2.4.8 Cooling Water Canals and Reservoirs 2.4-14 2.4.8.1 Pipelines 2.4-14 2.4.8.2 Cooling Pond 2.4-14 2.4.8.2.1 Probable Maximum Precipitation on the Pond 2.4-14 2.4.8.2.2 Precipitation Losses 2.4-15 2.4.8.2.3 Runoff Model 2.4-15 2.4.8.2.4 Probable Maximum Flood Flow for Cooling Pond 2.4-16 2.4.8.2.5 Water Level Determinations 2.4-16 2.4.8.2.6 Coincident Wind Wave Activity 2.4-16 2.4.9 Channel Diversions 2.4-18 2.4.10 Flooding Protection Requirements 2.4-19 2.4.11 Low Water Considerations 2.4-20 2.4.11.1 Low Flow in Rivers 2.4-20 2.4.11.2 Low Water Resulting from Surges, Seiches, or Tsunami 2.4-20 2.0-iii REVISION 12 - DECEMBER 2008 BRAIDWOOD-UFSAR TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) PAGE 2.4.11.3 Historical Low Flow 2.4-20 2.4.11.4 Future Controls 2.4-20 2.4.11.5 Plant Requirements 2.4-21 2.4.11.6 Heat Sink Dependability Requirements 2.4-22 2.4.12 Dispersion, Dilution, and Travel Times of Accidental Releases of Liquid Effluents In Surface Water 2.4-24 2.4.13 Groundwater 2.4-25 2.4.13.1 Description and Onsite Use 2.4-25 2.4.13.1.1 Onsite Use 2.4-25 2.4.13.1.2 Site and Regional Conditions 2.4-25 2.4.13.2 Sources 2.4-28 2.4.13.2.1 Present and Future Groundwater Use 2.4-28 2.4.13.2.2 Site Hydrogeologic Conditions 2.4-29 2.4.13.2.2.1 Permeability 2.4-29 2.4.13.2.2.2 Groundwater Levels 2.4-30 2.4.13.2.3 Effects of Seepage from Cooling Pond 2.4-31 2.4.13.2.4 Seepage from the Essential Service Cooling Pond 2.4-32 2.4.13.3 Accident Effects 2.4-32 2.4.13.4 Monitoring 2.4-33 2.4.13.5 Design Bases for Subsurface Hydrostatic Loading 2.4-34 2.4.14 Technical Specification and Emergency Operating Requirements 2.4-34 2.4.14.1 Probable Maximum Flood Level 2.4-34 2.4.14.2 Flood Protection Measures 2.4-35 2.4.14.3 Emergency Protective Measures 2.4-35 2.4.15 References 2.4-35 2.4.15.1 References Cited in Text 2.4-35 2.4.15.2 Alphabetical List of References Not Cited in Text 2.4-37 2.5 GEOLOGY, SEISMOLOGY, AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 2.5-1 2.5.1 Basic Geologic and Seismic Data 2.5-1 2.5.1.1 Regional Geology 2.5-1 2.5.1.1.1 Regional Geologic History 2.5-1 2.5.1.1.1.1 General 2.5-1 2.5.1.1.1.2 Precambrian (Earlier than Approximately 600 Million Years B.P.) 2.5-2 2.5.1.1.1.3 Cambrain (Approximately 500 to Approximately 600 Million Year B.P.) 2.5-2 2.5.1.1.1.4 Ordovician (430 + 10 to Approximately 500 Million Years B.P.) 2.5-3 2.5.1.1.1.5 Silurian (400 + 10 to 430 + 10 Million Years B.P.) 2.5-4 2.0-iv BRAIDWOOD-UFSAR TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) PAGE 2.5.1.1.1.6 Devonian (340 + 10 to 400 + 10 Million Years B.P.) 2.5-4 2.5.1.1.1.7 Mississippian (320 + 10 to 340 + 10 Million Years B.P.) 2.5-4 2.5.1.1.1.8 Pennsylvanian (270 + 5 to 320 + 10 Million Years B.P.) 2.5-5 2.5.1.1.1.9 Permian (225 + 5 to 270 + 5 Million Years B.P.) 2.5-5 2.5.1.1.1.10 Triassic (190 + 5 to 225 + 5 Million Years B.P.) 2.5-5 2.5.1.1.1.11 Jurassic (135 + 5 to 190 + 5 Million Years B.P.) 2.5-5 2.5.1.1.1.12 Cretaceous (65 + 2 to 135 + 5 Million Years B.P.) 2.5-5 2.5.1.1.1.13 Quaternary (Present to 2 + 1 Million Years B.P.) 2.5-6 2.5.1.1.2 Physiography 2.5-6 2.5.1.1.3 Stratigraphy 2.5-7 2.5.1.1.3.1 Soil Units 2.5-7 2.5.1.1.3.2 Rock Units 2.5-8 2.5.1.1.4 Structures 2.5-8 2.5.1.1.4.1 Folding 2.5-8 2.5.1.1.4.1.1 Illinois Basin 2.5-8 2.5.1.1.4.1.2 Wisconsin Arch and Kankakee Arch 2.5-9 2.5.1.1.4.1.3 LaSalle Anticlinal Belt 2.5-9 2.5.1.1.4.1.4 Ashton Arch 2.5-9 2.5.1.1.4.1.5 Herscher Dome 2.5-10 2.5.1.1.4.1.6 Downs Anticline 2.5-10 2.5.1.1.4.1.7 Mattoon Anticline 2.5-10 2.5.1.1.4.1.8 Tuscola Anticline 2.5-10 2.5.1.1.4.1.9 Murdock Syncline 2.5-10 2.5.1.1.4.1.10 Marshall Syncline 2.5-10 2.5.1.1.4.1.11 Folded Structures Associated with the Plum River Fault Zone 2.5-11 2.5.1.1.4.1.12 Louden Anticline 2.5-11 2.5.1.1.4.1.13 Salem Anticline 2.5-11 2.5.1.1.4.1.14 Clay City Anticline 2.5-11 2.5.1.1.4.1.15 DuQuoin Monocline 2.5-11 2.5.1.1.4.1.16 Mississippi River Arch 2.5-12 2.5.1.1.4.1.17 Pittsfield and Lincoln Anticlines 2.5-12 2.5.1.1.4.1.18 Mineral Point and Meekers Grove Anticlines 2.5-12 2.5.1.1.4.1.19 Baraboo, Fond du Lac, and Waterloo Synclines 2.5-12 2.5.1.1.4.1.20 Leesville Anticline 2.5-12 2.5.1.1.4.1.21 Michigan Basin 2.5-13 2.5.1.1.4.1.22 Structural Contour Maps 2.5-13 2.5.1.1.4.2 Faulting 2.5-14 2.0-v BRAIDWOOD-UFSAR TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) PAGE 2.5.1.1.4.2.1 Sandwich Fault Zone and Plum River Fault Zone 2.5-14 2.5.1.1.4.2.2 Chicago Area Faults 2.5-14 2.5.1.1.4.2.2.1 Chicago Area Basement Fault Zone 2.5-14 2.5.1.1.4.2.2.2 Chicago Area Minor Faults 2.5-14 2.5.1.1.4.2.3 Oglesby and Tuscola Faults 2.5-15 2.5.1.1.4.2.4 Centralia Fault 2.5-15 2.5.1.1.4.2.5 Cap Au Gres Faulted Flexure 2.5-15 2.5.1.1.4.2.6 Mifflin Fault 2.5-15 2.5.1.1.4.2.7 Postulated Wisconsin Faults 2.5-16 2.5.1.1.4.2.8 Mt.