Community-Scale Solar Photovoltaics: Housing and Public Development Examples Report IEA-PVPS-T10-04:2008 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAM Community-Scale Solar Photovoltaics : Housing and Public Development Examples IEA PVPS Task 10, Activity 3.1 Report IEA-PVPS T10-04: 2008 March 2008 This technical report has been prepared under the supervision of PVPS Task 10 by: Keiichi Komoto, Mizuho Information & Research Institute, Inc., Japan in co-operation with Task 10 experts The compilation of this report has been supported by New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), Japan IEA-PVPS-Task 10 Community-Scale Solar Photovoltaics: Housing and Public Development Examples Contents Foreword __________________________________________________________ 1 Acknowledgement ___________________________________________________ 2 Executive Summary __________________________________________________ 3 1 Introduction _____________________________________________________ 5 1.1 Background and objectives ____________________________________________ 5 1.2 Definition of PV community in this report _________________________________ 6 1.3 Approaches for the database __________________________________________ 6 2 Summary of PV communities surveyed ________________________________ 8 2.1 PV communities surveyed in this study___________________________________ 8 2.2 Aspects of grid, urban planning and architectural integration __________________ 8 3 Conclusions ____________________________________________________ 18 3 PV community database: Examples of communty scale PV installation in urban area ___________________________________________________ 19 <Austria> Thüringerberg _______________________________________________________________ 21 <Canada> Waterloo, Ontario Solar Community Demonstration Project ___________________________ 23 <Denmark> Solbyen____________________________________________________________________ 25 Sol 300 ____________________________________________________________________ 27 <France> La Darnaise_________________________________________________________________ 29 Les Hauts de Feuilly __________________________________________________________ 31 <Japan> Villa garten Shin-Matsudo & Tiera court Kasukabe __________________________________ 33 Cosmo-town Kiyomino Saizu ___________________________________________________ 35 Jo-Town Kanokodai __________________________________________________________ 37 Cosmo-town Yumemino Saizu Licht paadje ________________________________________ 39 Hills Garden Kiyota ___________________________________________________________ 41 Pal Town Josai-no-mori _______________________________________________________ 43 Sekisui Harmonate-town Shin-Kamagaya _________________________________________ 45 Panahome-city Seishin-minami__________________________________________________ 47 Sengendai sai-no-michi _______________________________________________________ 49 Sekisui Harmonate-town Tsuru-no-ura ____________________________________________ 51 Jo-Town Rinku Hawaiian Village_________________________________________________ 53 Hazama-so _________________________________________________________________ 55 IEA-PVPS-Task 10 Community-Scale Solar Photovoltaics: Housing and Public Development Examples <Korea> Asan Green Village ___________________________________________________________ 57 Korea National Housing Corp.-apartment__________________________________________ 59 <Swizerland> ABZ Residential area ‘Moos’____________________________________________________ 61 <United Kingdom> Corncroft, Nottingham_________________________________________________________ 63 Pinehurst___________________________________________________________________ 65 Belfast Field Trials - Sunderland road_____________________________________________ 67 Newbiggin Hall Eatate_________________________________________________________ 69 Campkin Court, Cambridge_____________________________________________________ 71 <United States> Vista Montana _______________________________________________________________ 73 Premier Gardens_____________________________________________________________ 75 Avignon____________________________________________________________________ 77 Carsten Crossings ___________________________________________________________ 79 Fallen Leaf _________________________________________________________________ 81 Shea Homes - San Angelo _____________________________________________________ 83 <Sweden> City of Malmö _______________________________________________________________ 85 Annexes __________________________________________________________ 87 IEA-PVPS-Task 10 Community-Scale Solar Photovoltaics: Housing and Public Development Examples Foreword The International Energy Agency (IEA), founded in November 1974, is an autonomous body within the framework of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) which carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among its member countries. The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA. The IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (PVPS) is one of the collaborative R & D Agreements established within the IEA. Since 1993, the PVPS participants have been conducting a variety of joint projects in the application of photovoltaic conversion of solar energy into electricity. The mission of the Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme is “to enhance the international collaboration efforts which accelerate the development and deployment of photovoltaic solar energy as a significant and sustainable renewable energy option”. The underlying assumption is that the market for PV systems is gradually expanding from the present niche markets of remote applications and consumer products, to the rapidly growing markets for building-integrated and other diffused and centralised PV generation systems. The overall programme is headed by an Executive Committee composed of one representative from each participating country, while the management of individual research projects (Tasks) is the responsibility of Operating Agents. By the end of 2007, twelve Tasks were established within the PVPS programme. The objective of Task 10 is to enhance the opportunities for wide-scale, solution-oriented application of photovoltaics (PV) in the urban environment as part of an integrated approach that maximizes building energy efficiency and solar thermal and Photovoltaics usage. The Task’s long term goal is for urban-scale PV to be a desirable and commonplace feature of the urban environment in IEA PVPS member countries. The report expresses, as nearly as possible, the international consensus of opinion of the Task10 experts on the subjects dealt with. Further information on the activities and results of the Task can be found at: http://www.iea-pvps.org and http://www.iea-pvps-task10.org 1 IEA-PVPS-Task 10 Community-Scale Solar Photovoltaics: Housing and Public Development Examples Acknowledgement This technical report has been prepared under the supervision of PVPS Task 10, and in co- operation with PV-UP-SCALE (a European funded project under the Intelligent Energy for Europe programme). Author of this Report is especially grateful to the following experts for providing valuable information and comments to this report: - Anna Cornander (the Skåne Energy Agency, Sweden) - Bruno Gaiddon (Hespul, France) - Christy Herig (Segue Energy Consulting, United States of America) - David Elzinga (NRCan, Canada) - Demet Suna (EEG, Austria) - Donna Munro (Halcrow, the United Kingdom) - Emil ter Horst (Horisun, the Netherlands) - Emily Rudkin (Halcrow, the United Kingdom) - Julia Angehrn (Energieburo Ltd., Switzerland) - Kenn H.B. Frederiksen (EnergiMidt A/S, Denmark) - Kyung-Shick Yoon (Aju Energy, Korea) - Mark Snow (University of North South Wales, Australia) - Mats Andersson (Energibanken AB, Sweden) - Pierre Bonhôte (Planair SA, Switzerland) - Shogo Nishikawa (Nihon university, Japan) 2 IEA-PVPS-Task 10 Community-Scale Solar Photovoltaics: Housing and Public Development Examples Executive Summary A major step towards mainstreaming PV on an Urban Scale is communities that standardise PV technology in the housing or community design. This report provides examples of housing developments and incorporated townships that have integrated multiple stakeholder values 1 into business solutions. Total installed distributed PV power in the IEA PVPS countries reached 5,7 GW in 20062. In the emerging distributed energy market, community- scale PV is the key to portfolio diversity with benefits far beyond the community of installations. The database was developed with a template for gathering the information distributed to Task 103 and PV-UP-SCALE participants resulting in 38 communities surveyed. Most of the community scale PV examples are residential. There is also one Swedish example of the City of Malmo installing PV on public buildings. The community examples are categorised as ‘residential – urban’ and ‘public’. This collection of examples is not all inclusive and diverse communities combining commercial, residential and/or public building PV installations and loads may result in more benefits to all stakeholders.4 Truly integrated PV communities can maximise the benefits through careful planning and multilateral involvement of all stakeholders. The urban scale PV market is not the bilateral (customer/utility) relationship of traditional central generation electricity sales. When urban scale PV is mainstreamed, the planning and business relationships