Ref. Ares(2020)2782540 - 28/05/2020 ReUseHeat D1.4: Accessible urban waste heat (Revised version) Grant Agreement: 767429 Accessible urban waste heat (Revised version) WP1 Task 1.2 Deliverable 1.4 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 768936. 2020-05-31 Page 1 ReUseHeat D1.4: Accessible urban waste heat (Revised version) Page 2 ReUseHeat D1.4: Accessible urban waste heat (Revised version) Document history and validation This table is used to follow the deliverable production from its first version until it is approved by the Coordinator. Please give details in the table below about successive releases. When Who Comments 2020-04-02 Urban Persson (HU) First internal draft version 2020-05-04 Urban Persson (HU) Second internal draft version 2020-05-20 Urban Persson (HU) Draft version for internal review 2020-05-28 Urban Persson (HU) Final version for submission Document details Deliverable number D1.4 Deliverable title Accessible urban waste heat (Revised version) Work package WP1 Due date of deliverable 31 May 2020 (Original version: 30 November 2018) Actual submission date M32 – 31/05/2020 (Original version: M16 – 30/11/2018) Start date of project 01/10/2017 Duration 48 months Author/editor Urban Persson (HU), Helge Averfalk (HU), Steffen Nielsen (AAU), Diana Moreno (AAU) Reviewer(s) Kenneth Karlsson (AAU), Manuel Andrés Chicote (CARTIF) Project coordinator Kristina Lygnerud (IVL) Revision note: This report constitutes the revised version of the original D1.4 deliverable report in the ReUseHeat project. The revisions performed are in response to the evaluation items expressed in the review report from the first project review (RV1). Hereby, to this revised version has been added three additional unconventional heat sources; rejected heat from refrigeration processes in the food production sector, rejected heat from refrigeration processes in the food retail sector, as well as rejected heat from the cooling of buildings in the residential sector. Due to these additions, corresponding changes have been made in several of the report sections. Changes made within a section is indicated by one asterisk (*) in the section header. To account for the addition of the three new sources, three new main sections have been introduced into the Table of Contents; Food production refrigeration, Food retail refrigeration, and Cooling of residential sector buildings. New sections are indicated by two asterisks (**) in the section header. Since none of the four project demo sites represent activities in any of the three added sectors, no changes have been made with reference to the demo-sites section. After the time of writing the original version of this report, November 2018, two of the then planned demo sites have been replaced (Metro system of Bucharest and the hospital in Madrid). None of these changes are reflected in this revised version of D1.4, since they will be part of the general update of D1.4, which is to be presented in the D1.9 report, scheduled for March 2021. For the same reason, work performed post November 2018 to develop and improve the models presented in the original work, concerning for example the excess heat potentials from data centres and metro systems in Europe, as well as the delineation of representative district heating areas, is not reflected in this revised version, but will be presented in the D1.9 deliverable. Page 3 ReUseHeat D1.4: Accessible urban waste heat (Revised version) Page 4 ReUseHeat D1.4: Accessible urban waste heat (Revised version) Authors: Urban Persson (T1.2 Leader), Halmstad University Helge Averfalk, Halmstad University Steffen Nielsen, Aalborg University Diana Moreno, Aalborg University Contact: Email: [email protected] School of Business, Engineering and Science Halmstad University Box 823 SE-301 18 Halmstad Sweden Deliverable No. D1.4: Public report © May 2020 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 768936. The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the funding authorities. The funding authorities are not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. ReUseHeat website: www.reuseheat.eu Page 5 ReUseHeat D1.4: Accessible urban waste heat (Revised version) Page 6 ReUseHeat D1.4: Accessible urban waste heat (Revised version) Figure 1. Mapping of available urban excess heat from four unconventional and three conventional sources in the city area of Madrid, one of four project demonstration sites. Page 7 ReUseHeat D1.4: Accessible urban waste heat (Revised version) Page 8 ReUseHeat D1.4: Accessible urban waste heat (Revised version) Table of Contents Summary* ................................................................................................................ 13 Acknowledgements* ........................................................................................... 15 1 Introduction* .................................................................................................... 17 1.1 General objective* ............................................................................................... 17 1.2 Background and context .................................................................................... 18 1.3 Limitations ............................................................................................................... 20 2 Methods overview* ......................................................................................... 21 2.1 Type processes* .................................................................................................... 22 2.2 NACE classification* ............................................................................................ 24 2.3 Definition of urban areas................................................................................... 26 2.3.1 Urban areas with district heating .......................................................................... 26 2.4 Basic concepts ........................................................................................................ 28 2.4.1 Principal heat pump theory ..................................................................................... 28 2.4.2 Available excess heat ................................................................................................ 30 2.4.3 Accessible excess heat .............................................................................................. 31 3 Data centres ....................................................................................................... 33 3.1 Methods .................................................................................................................... 34 3.2 Data ............................................................................................................................ 35 3.3 Results ....................................................................................................................... 39 3.4 Comments ................................................................................................................ 41 4 Metro stations ................................................................................................... 43 4.1 Methods .................................................................................................................... 44 4.1.1 Model parameters ....................................................................................................... 45 4.1.2 Spatial mapping ........................................................................................................... 47 4.2 Data ............................................................................................................................ 47 4.3 Results ....................................................................................................................... 49 4.4 Comments ................................................................................................................ 53 5 Food production refrigeration** .............................................................. 55 5.1 Methods .................................................................................................................... 55 5.1.1 Identification food production facilities in EU28 .............................................. 56 5.1.2 Categorized industrial electricity consumption calculation ......................... 58 5.1.3 Refrigeration excess heat estimation .................................................................. 62 5.1.4 Spatial and non-spatial mapping .......................................................................... 62 5.2 Data ............................................................................................................................ 63 5.3 Results ....................................................................................................................... 63 5.4 Comments ................................................................................................................ 67 6 Food retail refrigeration** .......................................................................... 69 6.1 Methods .................................................................................................................... 71 6.1.1 Identifying food retail in EU28