GLOBAL PHILANTHROPY FORUM CONFERENCE 2016 PEOPLE ON THE MOVE APRIL 4–6, 2016 REDWOOD CITY, CALIFORNIA GLOBAL PHILANTHROPY FORUM CONFERENCE 2016 PEOPLE ON THE MOVE APRIL 4–6, 2016 REDWOOD CITY, CALIFORNIA 2016 Global Philanthropy Forum Conference This book includes transcripts from the plenary sessions and keynote conversations of the 2016 Global Philanthropy Forum Conference. The statements made and views expressed are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of GPF, its participants, World Affairs or any of its funders. Prior to publication, the authors were given the opportunity to review their remarks. Some have made minor adjustments. In general, we have sought to preserve the tone of these panels to give the reader a sense of the Conference. The Conference would not have been possible without the support of our partners and members listed below, as well as the dedication of the wonderful team at World Affairs. Special thanks go to the GPF team — Suzy Antounian, Shadan Azali, Olivia Heffernan, Ndidi Nwuneli, Ashlee Rea, Jarrod Sport, Carla Thorson and Nicole Wood — for their work and dedication to the GPF, its community and its mission. STRATEGIC PARTNERS MacArthur Foundation USAID Charles Stewart Mott Foundation Higherlife Foundation Newman’s Own Foundation The MasterCard Foundation The David & Lucile Packard Anonymous Foundation The Rockefeller Foundation Skoll Foundation Skoll Global Threats Fund FOUNDATION PARTNERS The World Bank Margaret A. Cargill Foundation IFC (International Finance Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation Corporation) SUPPORTING MEMBERS MEMBERS African Development Bank Group Anonymous Dangote Foundation Mr. & Mrs. William H. Draper The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Felipe Medina Charitable Trust Sall Family Foundation Conrad N. Hilton Foundation Humanity United MEDIA PARTNER IDB The Guardian Maja Kristin The Global Philanthropy Forum is a project of World Affairs. This collection of transcripts is a publication of World Affairs. Copyright ©2016 World Affairs. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without the express permission of the authors is prohibited. Photo Credit: Massimo Sestini / Polaris 2016 Global Philanthropy Forum Conference CONTENTS FOREWORD ...................................... VIII ADVISORY COUNCIL ................................ 5 STEERING GROUP................................... 7 2016 CONFERENCE AGENDA ........................ 8 SPEAKER BIOGRAPHIES ............................ 24 PEOPLE ON THE MOVE............................. 64 Jane Wales, Chris Stone SPECIAL ADDRESS................................. 76 Elias Bou Saab FILLING THE GAPS IN HUMANITARIAN AID .......... 82 Guy Cave, Hadeel Ibrahim, Lona Stoll, Peter Laugharn MEETING THE IMMEDIATE AND LONG-TERM NEEDS OF THE DISPLACED ................................... 98 Jeanne Bourgault, Deogratias Niyizonkiza, Amy Rao, Sasha Chanoff REMARKS: LEVERAGING CULTURE AND TRADITIONS ....................................... 116 Tsitsi Masiyiwa, Her Royal Highness Sylvia Nagginda 2016 Global Philanthropy Forum Conference THE SEARCH FOR BELONGING THROUGH VIOLENT EXTREMIST NETWORKS ........................... 122 Shamil Idriss, William McCants, Kyai Haji Yahya Cholil Staquf, Jane Wales THE JOBS CHALLENGE............................ 136 Karan Chopra, Joshua Oigara, Shai Reshef, An-Me Chung SPECIAL ADDRESS................................ 152 Jane Wales, Antony Blinken PHILANTHROPY’S ROLE: SOLVING FOR CRISIS WHILE TAKING THE LONG VIEW ................... 162 Fayeeza Naqvi, Donna Shalala, Daniel Schwartz 2016 Global Philanthropy Forum Conference FOREWORD “Migration is not just about other people. We are all people on the move,” – Chris Stone, President of the Open Society Foundations. Chris’s remarks riveted our attention at the 2016 Global Philanthropy Forum, at which we focused on “People on the Move” in search of opportunity, in search of safety, and in search of meaning. First, we explored the phenomenon of urbanization, and the capacity of localities to absorb the influx, as a new middle class emerges in such high- growth economies as China and India. Second, we considered ways to lessen the tragedy of 60-million migrants who, having been forced from their homes, are now in search of safety from persecution, deprivation or war. And finally we sought to better understand the allure of extremist groups for those who feel unanchored and are in search of meaning, of belonging and who make cruel choices with devastating and tragic consequences. A common thread throughout the meeting was the recognition that the solutions to the challenges faced require the attention of the public, private and civic sector, with the mantle of leadership passing from one to the other according to the task at hand. According to Chris, while political failures might have prompted the migrant crisis, philanthropy could help mitigate the human suffering and help societies adapt: “This isn’t philanthropy at the margins but philanthropy at the heart of modern society, philanthropy restoring reason after politics has abandoned her.” He called on GPF members to engage in a “global alliance for migration…based on the promise of migration, not the fear of it.” 1 2016 Global Philanthropy Forum Conference Deputy Secretary of State Antony Blinken struck a similar chord, noting ranks of violent extremist groups is that they feel “a sense of alienation, the strains placed on the international humanitarian system. He argued that marginalization…a sense of powerlessness in the face of perceived injustice.” governments have come to realize “the importance—and I would say even He advocated strategies for engaging, rather than shunning those most the necessity—of harnessing the great reservoir of talent that exists within at risk. our innovation and philanthropic communities to meet our most pressing GPF members came ready to learn and left equipped to act. After all, since challenges… No single NGO, no single humanitarian organization, no single its founding in 2001, the GPF’s purpose has been to build a peer learning country can meet the challenges of today alone.” We must join forces. network of philanthropists and social investors committed to taking on Participants were seized of the moral imperative of helping those in danger. hard international problems. It has grown to include more than 1,850 high- But they used the sessions to break down the crisis into a set of practical net-worth individuals from around the world who are seeking to enhance problems to solve. Technology entrepreneur and philanthropist Amy Rao the efficacy of their giving and impact investing. They hold themselves to spoke of her experience on the Greek Island of Lesbos where she went to account for achieving the results they seek, and learning in the process. help refugees who had made the treacherous sea crossing in search of In the following pages, you will read the words of philanthropists, nonprofit safety, education for their children and livelihoods for their families. Oxford practitioners, policymakers, analysts and activists seeking to grapple with scholar Alexander Betts offered a way of providing livelihoods for refugees some of the hardest problems we face. I hope that their words will inspire, in the frontline state of Jordan, by creating special economic zones where inform and empower—as they did for those in the room. Syrian migrants could create enterprises, earn livelihoods and contribute to the economies of their host countries without competing with local populations for scarce jobs. Thus they would avoid the physical danger of being smuggled to across the Mediterranean. And Elias Bou Saab, the Lebanese Minister for Education, spoke of ways his ministry might provide an education to the 450,000 Syrian refugee children who he is committed to help educate. As is always the case, GPF members sought to better understand the underlying causes of the current crisis as well as its cures—so as to contribute to a preventive strategy where possible. They struggled with the political failures of collapsing Syria, a fraying EU, and a frightened US, seemingly unable to accept women and children in desperate need, instead allowing fears of terrorism to overwhelm our sense of obligation, our sense of who we are. Finally we sought to understand the danger terror groups pose not only to us, but to the innocents who seek refuge in stable states like ours, Canada or Europe. We tried to imagine what attracts new adherents to ISIL, to Boko Haram, or to white supremacist groups here at home, what motivates them to acts of terror. And, we asked whether—in a paradoxical twist—migrants fleeing for their lives, but being turned away from stable societies, might ultimately find a greater welcome among those terror groups that drove them from safety to begin with. Could it be that a migrant policy aimed at protecting us from terror might actually expand the danger? In working groups, Will McCants of Brookings offered philanthropists a thoughtful analysis, differentiating among terror groups, the distinct appeal of each, and the strategies for countering them. Shamil Idriss, President and CEO of Search for Common Ground, reminded us that the reason some join the 2 3 2016 Global Philanthropy Forum Conference ADVISORY COUNCIL LAURENE POWELL JOBS, CHAIR HERNANDO DE SOTO Founder and President Founder and President Emerson Collective Institute for Liberty and Democracy FAZLE HASAN ABED KEMAL DERVIS Founder and Chairperson Vice President and Director BRAC Global Economy and Development