PROJECT BIOTA/FAPESP-ARAÇÁ ISBN 978-85-6928-601-1 LIFE in Araçá Bay 9 788569 286011 DIVERSITY AND IMPORTANCE Antônia Cecília Zacagnini Amaral, Alexander Turra, Aurea Maria Ciotti, Carmen Lúcia Del Bianco Rossi Wongtschowski and Yara Schaeffer-Novelli LIFE in Araçá Bay DIVERSITY AND IMPORTANCE 3rd EDITION SÃO PAULO 2016 Araçá Bay hosts one of the most environmentally diverse areas along the Brazilian coast, which gives it a significant ecological importance Photo: Gabriel Monteiro Contents Copyright © 2016 by Antônia Cecília Zacagnini Amaral Organizers Antônia Cecília Zacagnini Amaral, Alexander Turra, Aurea Maria Ciotti, Carmen Lúcia Del Bianco Rossi Wongtschowski and Yara Schaeffer-Novelli Publishers Alice Giraldi and Gabriel Monteiro / Ciência Pública Comunicação Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6 Editorial Project, development of content Alice Giraldi and Gabriel Monteiro / Ciência Pública Comunicação Authors ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8 Ilustrations Preface .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9 Joana Dias Ho and Tatiana Menchini Steiner Presentation of the Biota/Fapesp Program ............................................................................................................................................11 Cover photo Gabriel Monteiro Presentation of the Project Biota/Fapesp-Araçá ...................................................................................................................12 English translation Biota/Fapesp-Araçá Project ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................16 Yasmina Shah Esmaeili and Guilherme Nascimento Corte Chapter I - The History of Araçá Bay ..................................................................................................................................................................16 Graphic design, desktop publishing Adesign Chapter II - Biodiversity .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................26 Life on the water surface ...................................................................................................................................................................................................28 Life in the water column .....................................................................................................................................................................................................36 Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) elaborada por Mara Janaina de Oliveira - CRB 8/6972 Life in the seafloor .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................44 Life in the mangroves .................................................................................................................................................................................................................58 L626 Life in Araçá Bay : diversity and importance / Antônia Cecília The interaction of life ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................70 Zacagnini Amaral... [et al.]. – 3. ed. – São Paulo, SP : Lume, 2016. Conteúdo digital. Chapter III - Resource management ......................................................................................................................................................................74 ISBN: 978-85-69286-01-1 Fishing activity: supporting life at sea and the fishermen ....................................................................76 1. Biological Science. 2. Biodiversity. 3. Enviromental Management. Integrated management: the future of life in the bay ...................................................................................86 I. Amaral, Antonia Cecília Zacagnini, 1948-. II. Título. CDD - 570 Legal deposit fulfilled. 5 Acknowledgements To the institutions, researchers and students, whose financial support, knowledge, To the Marine Protected Area of the Northern Coast of São Paulo State (APA work and dedication have enabled the development of the Project Biota/Fapesp- Marinha do Litoral Norte - APAMLN) and its Management Committee for their Araçá and made the publication of this book possible. partnership in the development of an integrated management program. To the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for the grant and scholarships To the local communities that motivate and collaborate with the work developed awarded within the Biota/Fapesp (Proc. 2011 / 50317-5). by Project Biota/Fapesp-Araçá. To the Coordination of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and National Council To the team that helped in sampling, sorting and laboratory activities related to for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), who provided scholarships. the ictiofauna: Carolina C. Siliprandi, Marina R. Shaggy, Rafael A. Lamas, Marcella B. Giaretta, Cesar Santificetur, Valeria Conversani and Alexandre Arackawa. To the Center for Marine Biology of the University of São Paulo (USP-CEBIMar) for the logistical support provided to participants of the Project Biota/Fapesp-Araçá. To the team that worked on the sampling, sorting and laboratory activities related to the non-consolidated substrate fauna: Angélica Godoy, Camila Silva, Nathalia To the Institute of Biology of the State University of Campinas (Unicamp) and to Padovanni, Rachel Daoli, Rafael Murayama, Decio Gomes, Fabrizio Machado, the Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo (USP), which provided Renato Luchetti, Renata Alito, Tatiana Steiner, Thalita Forroni and Fabrini Menezes. the physical infrastructure and human resources to the coordination of the project. Also to the team that worked on consolidated substrate: Fabiane Gallucci, Marcelo Fukuda, André Luiz Souza, Karina Santos, Heloisa Filgueiras, Felipe Dutra and Felipe To the Technical-Scientific Committee (COTEC) for the authorization granted to Oricchio; and meiofauna: Fabiane Gallucci, Danilo Vieira and Leandro Silva. the Project Biota/Fapesp-Araçá. To Jussara Shirazawa de Freitas and Diego Igawa Martinez for their help in the To the Marine and Estuarine Fisheries Monitoring Program (PMAP) of the Fisheries fieldwork in the mangrove forests. Institute for their support and sharing data and fishing information. To the field agents and monitors Marcos dos Santos Wood and Diogo Marie Albert Van To the taxonomists who, along with his students, have identified species of Sebroeck Dória. different groups of local biota. To the Department of Cultural Heritage of the São Sebastião Tourism Agency for To the researchers of the different modules of the Project Biota/Fapesp-Araçá, for providing historical images. their support and work during the sampling and analysis of the collected material. 6 Life in Araçá Bay 7 Authors Preface Chapter I – The History of Araçá Bay Alexander Turra, Caiuá Mani Peres and Cláudia Regina dos Santos Chapter II - Biodiversity Life on the sea surface Aurea Maria Ciotti, Alvaro Estevez Migotto, Francielli Vilela Peres and Rubens Mendes Lopes. If it was not for the dedication of some scientists, the Araçá Bay – this Life in the water column peculiar place inseparable from the landscape of the São Sebastião Channel Carmen Lúcia Del Bianco Rossi Wongtschowski, Ríguel Feltrin Contente, – would have gone missing for decades, taking with it endless life forms and Lucy Satiko Hashimoto Soares, Patrícia Luciano Mancini, André Martins unique knowledge opportunities. Vaz-dos-Santos and Marcos César de Oliveira Santos Over the past 30 years, the academic community – represented by teachers Life in the seafloor and students from different universities – rolled up their sleeves to protect Antônia Cecília Zacagnini Amaral, Guilherme Nascimento Corte, Hélio Hermínio the bay against a faith considered inevitable by many: a landfill that would Checon, Gustavo Muniz Dias, Ronaldo Christofoletti, Gustavo Fonseca and eliminate the landscape or disqualify it completely. The announced death Maikon Di Domenico was avoided more than once, although its current fatal shadow has returned Life in the mangroves to hover over the bay. Yara Schaeffer-Novelli, Armando Soares dos Reis Neto and Guilherme Moraes de Oliveira Abuchahla Defending Araçá is not an easy task. At first glance, this place does not The interaction of life impress by its beauty. Its dark sands and waters contrast with the beautiful Lucy Satiko