PLAY THE 13 COLONIES GAME Chapter 4.1-4.3: The Thirteen Colonies 1750 Do Now: Examine the map: In 1750 who else was living in North America? What feelings might they have about the European colonists? Objective: We are going to analyze the settlement and life in the 13 American colonies. Essential Questions: 1. How did a variety of influences from three continents shape life in colonial North America? 2. How were indigenous societies in the North America impacted and how did they respond to colonization by Europeans? 3. How did government and representative democracy evolve in North America? 4. What were the differing motivations for the colonization of North America? 5. How did the institution of slavery shape the character of early European America? The seal of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. What is depicted in this image? Do you think this represents a truth about the Native Americans living in “New England?” 4.1 THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES Led by John Winthrop Puritans left England in a “Great Migration” for the Massachusetts bay colony. Between 1629-1640 some 15,000 Puritans and other English settlers moved to Boston and the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Thomas Hooker set up the “Enforced uniformity confounds civil and religious liberty Fundamental and denies the principles of Christianity and civility. No man Orders of shall be required to worship or maintain a worship against his will.” –Roger WIlliams Connecticut allowing all male property owners to vote. Roger Williams founded Rhode Island and fostered religious tolerance in the colony. The Salem, Massachusetts, meeting house in which Roger Williams preached. Roger Williams negotiating with the Pequot Indians. Roger Williams escaped to Narragansett Bay where he was sheltered by his Indian friends. He purchased lands from them and founded the community of Providence, accepting all settlers regardless of their beliefs. “If any come to my house to be instructed in the ways of God what rule have I to put them away?... Do you think it Anne Hutchinson a Puritan not lawful for me to teach held prayer groups in her women and why do you call me to teach the home near Boston. She was court?” put on trial for holding these groups. Hutchinson was banished to Rhode Island after claiming that God spoke directly to her. Hutchinson is important to the struggle for religious freedom. Metacom, aka “King Phillip” leader of the Wampanoag natives attacked villages throughout New England. 600 colonists were killed and dozens of Puritan towns were burned. Metacom was eventually captured and his men were sold in to slavery. How is Metacom depicted? Who do you think drew this? LIFE IN NEW ENGLAND Puritans observed the Sabbath, and by law had to go to church all day on Sunday. Puritans met for town meetings and had strict laws. The Puritan economy centered around ship building, fishing, farming and trade. Do Now: Examine the map and break down the 13 original colonies into three groups: New England Middle Colonies Southern Colonies The New England colonies were settled by people of this religion ________________. ______________ led a war against the Puritans to protect the Wampanoag's. Who was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony? Name all four New England colonies. Which colony did Roger Williams set up? What impact did Roger Williams have on America? ____________ founded the Connecticut colony. Who was banished from Massachusetts for holding prayer groups? Is she an American hero? Did the Puritans treat the Native Americans fairly? In your opinion why did the Salem witch trials take place? What does this tell you about the Puritans in New England? Objective: We are going to examine the settlement and life in the middle colonies. 4.2 THE MIDDLE COLONIES Under the leadership of Peter Stuyvesant New Netherlands became New York when English warships entered its harbor. Stuyvesant lacked the resources to defend the city. Where does New Jersey get its name? New Jersey was established by George Carteret and Lord Berkeley. New Jersey had good farmland and allowed for religious tolerance. Did we have slavery in New Jersey? “To be like Christ is to be a Christian.” -William Penn What is happening in this image? “A Holy Experiment.” William Penn a Quaker believed in non-violence, religious freedom and equality. Penn forced the settlers of Pennsylvania to pay for the land they got from the Native Americans. Delaware broke away from Pennsylvania to form its own colony. EXAMINE THE MAP: HOW DID THE ECONOMY OF THE MIDDLE COLONIES DIFFER FROM THAT OF THE NEW ENGLAND AND SOUTHERN COLONIES? Settlers including craftsmen, farmers and African slaves in the Middle Colonies made their money growing cash crops such as wheat. Along with the crops farm animals and crafts were exported to Europe and the West Indies. German and Scotch Irish families arrived to colonize the Eastern Appalachian Mountains. This is called the Great Wagon Road. Who might disagree with the term “Great Wagon Road.” 1751 FRY-JEFFERSON MAP DEPICTING 'THE GREAT WAGON ROAD TO PHILADELPHIA' GERMAN VALLEY NJ: THE HOMELAND OF DR. DANGER DEMAREST NJ IN THE COLONIAL PERIOD David Demarest, originally known as Davis des Marets, settled in Bergen County New Jersey in 1677. He was founder of the Demarest family in America, and was one of a band of French Huguenots who came to this country in 1663. The earliest settlers in the area, now known as Demarest, were the Westervelts, whose homestead still stands as the northern wing at 277 County Road. The year was 1723, and other Dutch settlers from New Amsterdam soon followed, having obtained land grants from the British owners of New Jersey. Source: http://www.demarestnj.net/html/History.aspx Who was the governor of New Netherland when it became New York? New Jersey was established by whom? Why was William Penn unique as a colonial leader? What was the basis of the economy of the Middle Colonies? German and Irish colonists followed the _________ Road into the backcountry of the middle colonies? How were the middle colonies different from the New England colonies? Why do you think settlers were attracted to the Middle Colonies? 4.3 THE SOUTHERN COLONIES Mason and Dixon, two land surveyors explored for years and created a line dividing Pennsylvania and Maryland. The Mason-Dixon divided the Southern Colonies. What economic products were sold in the Southern Colonies? In 1632 Lord Baltimore of England settled Maryland as a colony for Roman Catholics. Baltimore however passed the Act of Toleration allowing religious freedom to all Christians. (This did not include Jews, Muslims or non-Christians.) (ITS NOT AS TASTY AS IT SOUNDS:) Nathaniel Bacon a Virginia planter led raids on Native American villages and burned Jamestown for the governor’s lack of assistance to rural planters. NATHANIEL BACON “The poverty of the country is such that all the power and sway has got into the hands of the rich, who by extortious advantages, having the common people in their debt, have always curbed and oppressed them in all manner of ways.” Objective: We are going to analyze the colonies of North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. We will discuss their economic products and the institution of slavery. QUICK REVIEW ON THE SOUTHERN COLONIES Which was the first southern colony? Who founded Maryland and for which religious group? Why was the “Act of Toleration” ironic? What happened during Bacon’s Rebellion? North Carolina was settled by tobacco farmers from Virginia who migrated South. Charleston, South Carolina was founded by wealthy plantation owners who grew rice and indigo. Eventually African slaves made up the majority of the South Carolina population. "In America there are fertile lands sufficient to support all the useless poor in England, and distressed James Protestants in Europe; yet thousands starve for want of Oglethopre mere sustenance." James Oglethorpe founded the Georgia colony as a refuge for debtors to make clean start. Map of Georgia 1740 SAVANNAH 1734 What were the cash crops or commodities of the southern colonies? Who grew these crops? In your opinion, what was the greatest injustice done to the African slaves? Who founded Georgia? Why do you think only debtors would move to Georgia? Tidewater Plantations The Backcountry •Large Plantations with 20-100 slaves •Small amount of African Slaves •Settled along rivers and coast •Settled in the inland areas •Small percentage of the population •White settlers treated each other as •Export Economy equals •Self-sufficient farms AFRICAN SLAVERY By 1700 plantations in the South had come to rely on African slavery. (Slavery existed in all colonies) Over 400 years some 9-12 million Africans were brought to the Americas in the trans-Atlantic Slave Trade or the Middle Passage. At least 2-3 million died while in route to the Americas. Slave codes and European racism allowed Africans to be treated far less than humans. Slavery in North America The Middle Passage and Slavery Begins Triangular in Africa Audio Trade recording of a former slave “Chained to each other hand and foot and stowed so close that they were not allowed 1 foot and ½ for breadth What was the line separating Pennsylvania from Maryland? Who founded Maryland? Who was the ideal colonist in Maryland? Who did Maryland’s “Act of Toleration” leave out? What happened during Bacon’s rebellion? What was grown in the Carolinas and by whom? For whom did James Oglethorpe found Georgia? What was one difference between the coastal plantation owners in the south and the backcountry southern colonists? Which colonies had the institution of slavery? If you were a British person which colony would you want to come to and why? .