THE JOURNAL OF THE MUSIC ACADEMY MADRAS DEVOTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE SCIENCE AND ART OF MUSIC Vol. LIII jqw i wr *n#a w ftgrf* =nn n '*1 dwell not in Vaikuntba, nor in the hearts of Yogin* -Aor in the Snn: (but) where my bhaktas sing, there be I, Narada!" Edited by T. S. PARTHASARATHY 1982 The Music Academy Madras 306, Mowbray’s Road, Madras - 600 014 Annual Subscription - Inland - Rs. IS: Foreign $ 3.00 OURSELVES This Journal is published as an Annual. i All correspondence relating to the Journal should be addressed and all books etc., intended for it should be sent to The Editor, Journal of the Music Academy, 306, Mowbray's Road, Madras-600 014. Articles on music and dance are accepted for publication on the understanding that they are contributed solely to the Journal of the Music Academy. Manuscripts should be legibly written or, preferably, type* written (double-spaced and on one side of the paper only) and Should be signed by the writer (giving his address in full). The Editor of the Journal is not responsible for the views ex­ pressed by contributors in their articles. JOURNAL COMMITTEE OF THE MUSIC ACADEMY 1. Sri T. S. Parthasarathy — Editor (and Secretary, Music Academy) 2. „ T. V. Rajagopalan — Trustee 3. „ S. Ramaswamy — ... Executive Trustee 4. „ Sandhyavandanam * ■ ' ' Sreepivgsa R id —r Member 5. „ S. Ramanathan 1 - — Member 6. „ S. Natarajan ■j Secretaries of the Music 7. „ R. Rangthathan > - Aoademy, Ex-officio 8. M T. S. Rangarajan f . members,. ir!v v £ CONTENTS The 55th Annual Conference of the Music Academy, M adras: Official Report Meetings of the Experts Committee The Sadas Samskrta and Sangita P. K. Rajagopala Aiyar Tyagaraja (Continuities and Departures) William J. Jackson Nilakantha Sivan and his Contribution to Music Dr. S. Venkitasubramonia Iyer A Tale of Two Cities Bruno Nettl Kshetrayya and his Padams B. Rajanikanta Boo ) An Analytical Study of Tyagaraja’s Compositions S. R. Janakiraman Compositions of Balaswami Dikshitar Ritha Rajan Folk Songs of Central India Josef Kuckertz The Varnams of Govindasamayya Michael J. Nixon The Role of Laya in Music T. S. Parthasarathy Traditional Compositions in Bharata Natyam Nirmala Ramachandran IV THE JOURNAL OF THE MADRAS MUSIC ACADEMY [Vol. LHI PAGB Some Rare Compositions of the Maharaja of Mysore (Tamil) R. K. Venkatarama Sastri 170 Music in Kuchipudi Operas P. Srinivasan and Voleti Venkateswarulu - 176 Book Reviews N. Ramanathan Hema Ramanathan T. S. Parthasarathy S. A. K. Durga — 182 Kritis of Jayachamaraja Wodeyar (in notation) Appendix — 2 0 5 THE 55ra MADRAS MUSIC CONFERENCE OFFICIAL REPORT THE OPENING DAY 20—12—1981 The 55th Annual Conference of the Music Academy, Madras, was held at the T. T. Krishnatnachari Auditorium in the premises of the Academy, 306, Mowbrays Road, Madras-600014, from the 20th December 1981 to 1st January * 1982. The Conference was inaugurated by Sri C. V. Narasimhan, Former Under-Secretary General, United Nations. The inaugural function began with the singing of prayer by Smt. Malati Janardhanan and Smt. T. Vijayalakshmi. MESSAGES Sri S. Shunmugam, member of the Executive Committee of the Academy, read the following messages received from prominent persons all over India and abroad for the success of the 55th Conference of the Academy. S ri S. B. Chavan, M inister of Planning, New Delhi. “ The Academy has rendered very valuable services over a period of 55 years, through its efforts to serve the cause of classical Carnatic music and promotion of better understanding between the Carnatic and Hindustani schools of music. I wish the conference all success. My best wishes to the organisers and participants for their continued success.” Sri R. V. Swaminathan, M inister of State for Agriculture and Rural Recanstruction^New Delhi. “ I am happy to learn that the 55th Conference of die Music Academy, Madras, will be inaugurated by Shri C. V. Narasimhan, former Under-Secretary General of United Nations on the 20th Dec. 1981 and presided over byVidvaa Sri T. M. Tyagarajan, a leading Vidvan of Carnatic Music.” 2 THE JOURNAL OF THB MADRAS MUSIC ACADEMY [V o l. L I I I Sri K. G. Abraham, Governor of Andhra Pradesh, Raj Bhayan, Hyderabad “ As a premier institution in music and dance, the Music Academy has played a significant role in the cultural history of the South in promoting classical music. The 55th Conference, I am sure, besides enhancing the prestige of the Academy, #illi immensely contribute towards awakening a new consciousness among the art lovers. I have* therefore, great pleasure in giving my best wishes for the success of the conference and all other programmes contemplated during the period.** Sri N. Haldipur, Lieutenant-Governor., Pondicherry. “ The Music Academy, Madras, has played a significant role in the cause of promoting classical Carnatic music over the last 55 years. 1 hope that the Conference, besides offering a number of delightful programmes of music and dance, will also be a good opportunity for experts in music and musicology hailing from different parts of the country to have an exchange of their ideas and thoughts for mutual benefit. I send my best wishes for the success of the Conference.** Sri R. Gundu Rao, Chief Minister of Karnataka. “ The efforts of the Academy in promoting and encouraging fine arts are indeed commendable. I wish the Conference all success.** S ri A. R. Antulay, Chief M inister of M aharashtra. Sent a message wishing the function every success. Sri P. R. Gokulakrishnaa, Oflfg. Chief Justice of Madras. “ The Premier institution in the field of music is in a fitting manner celebrating its 55th Annual Conference. A leading musician in Carnatic style, Thiru T. M. Thyagarajan, is being honoured this year. I am glad that one of the connoisseurs of art and who is an artiste himself, that is Thiru C. V. Narasimhan, is inaugurating the Conference. Befittingly, the Sadas on 1st Jao, 1982, is being presided over by Smt. Dr. Kapila Vatsyayan, Joint THB 55t h m adras m u sic confbrbncb 3 Educational Adviser, Government of India, New Delhi. The services tendered by the Music Academy, Madras, in the field of fine arts, are praiseworthy. “ I wish the Conference all success.” Sri James Rubin of Pan Orient Arts Foundation. “ Best wishes on this auspicious occasion. May the splendid work of the Academy continue with ever increassing success.'* Sri A. N. Dhawan, Secretary, Sangeet Natak Akademi, New D elhi. m “ I wish to convey most heartily my best wishes for the success of the Conference.'* Sri R. M. Veerappan, Minister for Information, Govt., of T a m il N adu “ Wish the Conference a fruitful deliberation and every success." The President of the Academy, Sri K. R. Sundaram Iyer wel­ comed the distinguished guests, members of the Academy and the public. In his address Sri Suodaram Iyer said: “ Sri C. V. Narasimham, Vidwan Sri T. M. Thyagarajan, Vidwans, Vidushis, Members of the Academy and its Experts Committee, Distinguished Guests who have responded to our invita­ tion. Ladies and Gentlemen. With great pleasure, I extend to you all a hearty welcome to the inauguration of the 55th Annual Conference and Concerts. Sri Narasimhan, I extend to you a warm and sincere welcome on behalf of all, the Executive Committee and on my own behalf. We are grateful to you for finding the time to inaugurate this Con­ ference. I realise that you had to adjust your programme in order to be with us in time for the inauguration. It is needless for me to elaborate on your distinguished place in the Indian Civil Service, as an Executive Secretary of the ECAFE, as Chef-d' Cabinet and above all, as Under-Secretary . General of the United Nations Organisation with many important and difficult assignments being entrusted to you by the Secretary General. 4 THB JOURNAL OF THB MADRAS MUSIC ACADEMY [V o l. L I J I Apart from this, 1 consider the inauguration of this Conference by you is particularly appropriate and significant. You belong to a family talented in Music and Fine arts. You are yourself a talented musician, may I say, a performing artiste and a distinguished disciple of Sangitha Kalanidhi Musiri Subramania Iyer. M Many may not be aware of your charitable disposition. You have helped and are still helping without any publicity many cultural, educational and charitable organisations by your munifi­ cent donations. The Academy in particular remembers with gratitude the munificent endowment of Rs. 32,000/- for an award to be given to the President of the Annual Conference of each year, in memory of your Guru Sangitha Kalanidhi Musiri Subramania Iyer. I extend to Vidwan Sri T. M. Thyagarajan, the President­ elect of this Conference, a hearty and warm welcome. Vidwan Sri Thyagarajan is a genius in Carnatic music. He served the College of Music as a Professor and retired as the Principal of the institu­ tion. He has established a style of his own with his profound knowledge., He has been a performing artiste for nearly SO years. Starting his learning from his father Mahalingam Pillai, he belongs to an illustrious and distinguished Guru Parampara, with his im­ mediate guru Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer, from him in the line, Mabarajapuram Viswanatha Iyer and Umayalpuram Swaminatha Iyer who have all been distinguished Sangitha Kalanidhis. In the current session, we very much look forward to his able guidance in the discussions and demonstrations in the morning sessions of the Experts Committee. On this happy occasion of the inauguration of the annual Con­ ference, we remember with gratitude the services of eminent and dedicated persons, who inaugurated the Music Academy in 1927, chalking out far-sighted objectives, other stalwarts, musicians and Rasikas who took part in the inauguration then and in particular Sri T.