ETSI TR 102 156 V1.1.1 (2003-04) Technical Report Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Broadband Satellite Multimedia; IP interworking over satellite; Multicasting 2 ETSI TR 102 156 V1.1.1 (2003-04) Reference DTR/SES-00075 Keywords interworking, broadband, IP, multimedia, satellite ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to: [email protected] Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. © European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2003. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTM and the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI 3 ETSI TR 102 156 V1.1.1 (2003-04) Contents Intellectual Property Rights................................................................................................................................6 Foreword.............................................................................................................................................................6 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................6 1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................................7 2 References ................................................................................................................................................7 3 Definitions and abbreviations...................................................................................................................8 3.1 Definitions..........................................................................................................................................................8 3.2 Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................................................10 4 Multicasting background........................................................................................................................12 4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................13 4.2 IP multicasting..................................................................................................................................................14 4.3 IP broadcasting.................................................................................................................................................16 4.4 IP multicast addresses ......................................................................................................................................17 4.4.1 Class D addresses .......................................................................................................................................17 4.4.2 MAC layer mapping ...................................................................................................................................18 4.5 IP Multicast Routing Protocols ........................................................................................................................18 4.5.1 Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP).............................................................................19 4.5.2 Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) .......................................................................................................19 4.5.2.1 Dense Mode..........................................................................................................................................19 4.5.2.2 Sparse Mode..........................................................................................................................................19 4.5.2.2.1 Rendezvous Point (RP)....................................................................................................................20 4.6 Inter-domain multicast .....................................................................................................................................21 4.6.1 General........................................................................................................................................................21 4.6.2 Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP)...........................................................................................21 4.7 Internet Group Management.............................................................................................................................22 4.7.1 IGMP ..........................................................................................................................................................22 4.7.2 PIM-SM/IGMPv3 interaction .....................................................................................................................24 4.8 Source Specific Multicast.................................................................................................................................25 4.9 Time To Live (TTL) for multicast packets.......................................................................................................25 4.10 Multicast scoping.............................................................................................................................................26 4.10.1 TTL scoping................................................................................................................................................26 4.10.2 Administrative scoping...............................................................................................................................26 4.11 Reliable multicast protocols and architectures .................................................................................................26 4.11.1 One-to-many (star-based) ...........................................................................................................................26 4.11.2 One-to-many (tree-based) ...........................................................................................................................27 4.11.3 One-to-many (ring-based)...........................................................................................................................28 4.11.4 Many-to-many ............................................................................................................................................29 4.12 Multicast security .............................................................................................................................................30 4.13 IPv6 and IPv4 multicast issues.........................................................................................................................30 4.14 Streaming and streaming protocols ..................................................................................................................31 4.14.1 Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP).......................................................................................................31 4.14.2 The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP)....................................................................................................32 5 Applications and use cases.....................................................................................................................32 5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................32 5.2 Multicast Backbone (MBone) ..........................................................................................................................33 5.3 Use scenarios....................................................................................................................................................33 5.3.1 Framework..................................................................................................................................................33 5.3.2 Open and closed groups..............................................................................................................................34 5.3.3