Evolving Community Response To Tourism and Change in Rotorua Chrys Horn Researcher, Human Sciences Division, Lincoln University. [email protected] David G Simmons Professor of Tourism, Human Sciences Division, Lincoln University. [email protected] John R Fairweather Principal Research Officer in the Agribusiness and Economics Research Unit, Lincoln University. [email protected] February 2000 ISSN 1174-670X Tourism Research and Education Centre (TREC) Report No. 14 Lincoln University Contents LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS x SUMMARY xii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................1 1.1 Introduction....................................................................................1 1.2 Report Structure .............................................................................3 CHAPTER 2 METHODS..............................................................................................5 2.1 Qualitative Methods.......................................................................5 2.2 Quantitative Survey........................................................................6 2.3 Weighting.......................................................................................9 2.4 Presentation....................................................................................9 2.5 Limitations of Research ...............................................................10 CHAPTER 3 THE ROTORUA CONTEXT: HISTORY AND SOCIAL PATTERNS..........................................................................................11 3.1 Introduction..................................................................................11 3.2 Geography and Population...........................................................12 3.3 History..........................................................................................13 3.4 Restructuring, 1984 on.................................................................18 3.5 Unemployment, Poverty and Council Response..........................19 3.6 Community Patterns and Structure ..............................................21 3.7 Conclusion ...................................................................................27 CHAPTER 4 THE MANAGEMENT OF TOURISM IN ROTORUA.......................30 4.1 Introduction..................................................................................29 4.2 The Rotorua District Council.......................................................30 4.3 Tourism Rotorua Structure and Linkages ....................................36 4.4 Tensions in Environmental Management ....................................42 4.5 Summary and Conclusion ............................................................44 ii Contents - Continued CHAPTER 5 RESIDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF TOURISM IN ROTORUA...........47 5.1 Estimating Total Visitor Numbers and Types..............................48 5.2 What Do Locals Like About Rotorua? ........................................50 5.3 Local Perceptions of Tourism......................................................53 5.4 Attitudes to Tourism Development..............................................54 5.5 Benefits of Tourism......................................................................55 5.6 Problems and Concerns about Tourism .......................................61 5.7 Where Hosts Meets Guests ..........................................................69 5.8 Factors Affecting Host-Guest Contact.........................................72 5.9 Factors affecting Local Perceptions of Tourism..........................75 CHAPTER 6 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS .................................................79 6.1 Factors Contributing to Positive Resident Perceptions................79 6.2 The Community and Tourism ......................................................81 6.3 Policy Implications ......................................................................84 REFERENCES .. ........ ......................................................................................................87 APPENDIX 1 QUESTIONNAIRE...............................................................................95 APPENDIX 2 WEIGHTING ......................................................................................101 APPENDIX 3 CALCULATION OF WEIGHTS........................................................107 APPENDIX 4 PRESENTATION OF DATA WEIGHTED BY AGE, SEX AND ETHNICITY.......................................................................................109 APPENDIX 5 "OTHER" CONCERNS ......................................................................115 APPENDIX 6 PROFILE OF PEOPLE SAYING THERE WERE NO BENEFITS FROM TOURISM..............................................................................119 APPENDIX 7 PROFILE OF PEOPLE SAYING THERE IS TOO MUCH TOURISM IN ROTORUA ALREADY.............................................121 APPENDIX 8 RESPONSES TO OPEN-ENDED, CODED QUESTIONS ...............123 iv List of Tables Table No. Page No. 1. Age Groups of Rotorua Survey Sample and Data From 1996 Census...............7 2. Annual Visitor Numbers Between 1982 and 1990...........................................27 3. Strategic Directions as Outlined in the Rotorua Tourism Strategic Plan (1996-2005) ......................................................................................................38 4. Tourism Rotorua Portfolio Groups as of November 1999 ...............................39 5. Numbers of Visitors Staying in Commercial Accommodation and in Private Homes in Rotorua January 1996 to December 1998............................48 6. Proportion of Domestic and International Visitors to Rotorua.........................49 7. What Residents Like About Living in Rotorua ................................................51 8. The Benefits of Tourism in Rotorua for Local Residents.................................56 9. Age Groups Direct Employment in Tourism....................................................57 10. Maori and Pakeha Employment in a Tourism-Related Job..............................57 11. Educational Qualifications by Age Group of People Working in Tourism......58 12. Type of Employment in Tourism by Work Status............................................59 13. Locals’ Problems with Tourism........................................................................64 14. Locals' Concerns with Tourism ........................................................................65 15. Places and Activities where Locals meet Visitors............................................70 16. Are There Places Where You Like to See Visitors/Tourists? ..........................71 17. Types Of Visitors That Residents Particularly Liked.......................................73 18. Types Of Visitors Whom Residents Particularly Disliked...............................73 19. Places In Which Residents Prefer Not To Meet Visitors?................................74 A1. Comparison Of 1996 Census Data With The Sample Data And The Weights Used For Each Group.......................................................................107 A2. What Residents Like About Living In Rotorua..............................................109 A3. The Benefits of Tourism in Rotorua for Local Residents...............................110 A4. Age Groups And Employed Directly In Tourism...........................................110 A5. Educational Qualifications by Age Group of People Working in Tourism....110 A6. Type of Employment in Tourism by Work Status..........................................111 A7. Comparing Maori and Pakeha Employment in a Tourism-Related Job.........111 A8. Locals’ Problems with Tourism......................................................................111 A9. Locals' Concerns with Tourism ......................................................................113 A10. Places and Activities Where Locals Meet Visitors ........................................116 A11. Are There Places Where You Like To See Visitors/Tourists?.......................116 A12. Types Of Visitors That Residents Particularly Liked.....................................117 A13. Types Of Visitors Whom Residents Particularly Disliked.............................117 A14. Places In Which Residents Prefer Not to Meet Visitors?...............................118 vi List of Figures Figure No. Page No. 1. Comparison of Sample, Weighted Sample and Census on Qualification Levels of Respondents.........................................................................................8 2. Map of Study Area Showing Major Attractions................................................15 3. Diagram of Industry Links with Rotorua District Council................................37 4. Males’ and Females’ Perceptions of the Level of Tourism Development in Rotorua...............................................................................................................55 5. How Often Local People Visit Attractions With Their Guests And On Their Own (Without Guests) .............................................................................72 A1. Respondents’ Perceptions of How Much Tourism is Enough (Weighted Data)..............................................................................................109 viii Acknowledgements Thanks are due to many people who helped make this research possible and enjoyable. Thanks especially to the people at Tourism Rotorua who helped in the formulation of the research and then participated