Mainstreaming air quality and climate measures in urban development through action planning Dang Espita-Casanova Senior Program Coordinator Air Quality and Climate Change Program An international non-governmental A UN-recognized partnership with a organization that leads the mission for better network comprised of more than 250 air quality and healthier, more livable cities in organizations around the world, Asia including seven Country Networks: Indonesia Malaysia Beijing, China Nepal Manila, Philippines Pakistan The Philippines Sri Lanka New Delhi, India Vietnam Cities are at the forefront of innovation but also facing environment and development issues • The urban population of the world has grown rapidly from 751 million in 1950 to 4.2 billion in 2018. • Cities have become hot spots of air pollution and noise, heat islands, lack of green space and reduced physical activity. https://www.smartparenting.com.ph/life/home/cleanest-air-philippines-southeast-asia-a00285- 20190307 Asia is home to 54% of the world’s urban population • Between 2016 and 2030, the number of cities in Asia with 500,000 inhabitants or more is expected to grow by 30%. • Cities have to meet national ambient air quality standards and WHO air quality guideline values. Six out of 10 developing cities in Asia still exceed the WHO IT-1 for PM2.5 3) • The annual average of PM2.5 in 419 cities in Asia is 40 μg/m3. concentration (μg/m concentration 2.5 • Developed cities have PM demonstrated better air quality management Data collected from publicly available official sources compiled by Clean Air Asia. Data for the last available year in the period 2007‐2017 (Clean Air Asia, 2018) 5 Mitigating impacts of air pollution necessitates its integration into development planning Clean Air Action Plan (CAAP) A set of actions or a program/design to implement measures that control emissions within a particular area and protect public health and welfare, with the role of different stakeholder groups emphasized (Gulia, et al, 2015) Features Purpose • Cost-effective ✓ Comply with ambient strategies air quality standards • Pollution control ✓ Control & reduce measures (technical, emissions in a policy, economic) specified area • Roles of stakeholder ✓ Protect human health groups emphasized & environment What cities have to consider Impact – on public health, environment Co-benefits – climate, development Costs – financial | economic [action and inaction] Governance – political will and support to implement Available technologies – costs, budgetary restrictions, accessibility Alignment with other local sectoral plans Simplified clean air action planning process ESTABLISH ALLOCATE PLANNING PROCESS DEFINE AIR QUALITY RESOURCES FOR IN COLLABORATION CREATE A ROADMAP OBJECTIVES PLANNING (HUMAN, WITH FINANCIAL) STAKEHOLDERS PLAN FOR ASSESSMENT: REVIEW AND DETERMINE IMPLEMENTATION ESTABLISH IMPROVEMENT PRIORITY ACTIONS AND ENFORCEMENT BASELINES Assessment of green spaces in Marikina City • Measurements show higher levels of PM2.5 outside the green spaces especially towards main thoroughfares. Marikina Freedom Park Preliminary results of Marikina emissions inventory Total Emissions (tons/yr) Emission Sources of criteria pollutants in Marikina Mobile Area Point Source CO NMVOC NOx SOx PM10 100% Point 9.7 6.2 39.2 336.0 27.5 90% Area 1,567.6 1,485.1 35.8 1.1 42.1 80% Mobile 8,035.9 1,119.2 820.8 9.0 194.5 70% Total 9,613.2 2,610.5 895.8 346.1 264.1 60% CO PM10 50% 40% Area Point 16% 10% 30% Area 20% 16% 10% Mobile 74% 0% Mobile 84% CO NMVOC NOx SOx PM10 (Clean Air Asia, 2019) 12 Map of PM2.5 hotspots and vulnerable locations (Clean Air Asia, 2019) Creation of a Clean Air Action Plan core group Clean Air Action Plan Creation of an Executive institutionalization Order from the City Mayor Setting up a monitoring and evaluation framework Key messages Many of the common challenges With the current urbanization of cities in Asia in addressing air trajectory in Asia, it is imperative pollution and climate change are for cities to mitigate health and not being considered in urban other impacts of air pollution. development planning. The development of a CAAP Assessing the impacts of green allows for mainstreaming AQM spaces in urban environments will policies and measures to achieve help inform policymaking and emission reductions and climate planning. co-benefits. Clean Air Asia China Office Clean Air Asia Clean Air Asia India Office [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 11-152, JianGuoMenWai Diplomatic Residence Unit 3505 Robinsons Equitable Tower Basement C-3 Compound, No.1 XiuShui Street, ChaoYang ADB Avenue, Pasig City Green Park Extension, District, Beijing 100600 China Metro Manila 1605 Philippines New Delhi 110016 India Clean Air Asia Country Networks Indonesia · Malaysia · Nepal · Pakistan · Philippines · Sri Lanka · Vietnam www.cleanairasia.org.