N o t e s INTRODUCTION 1 . United Nations General Assembly Resolution 302 (IV) of 8 December 1949. 2 . United Nations General Assembly. Resolution 212 (III), para. 12, of 19 November 1948. 1 STUDYING THE PALESTINE ARAB REFUGEE PROBLEM 1 . For example, J. C. Hurewitz’s fundamental, The Struggle for Palestine (New York: Schocken Books, 1976), treats the questions of UNRPR and UNRWA in less than three paragraphs (see pages 321 and 326). A recent book on Palestinian refugees in Egypt only mentions UNRPR or AFSC in passing. See Oroub El-Abed, Unprotected: Palestinians in Egypt since 1948 (Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies, 2009). 2. Marta Rieker, “Uses of Refugee Archives for Research and Policy Analysis. Reinterpreting the Historical Record,” in The Use of Palestinian Refugee Archives for Social Science Research and Policy Analysis , ed. S. Tamari, and E. Zureik (Jerusalem: Institute of Jerusalem Studies, 2001), 11–23. 3 . M i c h a e l R . F i s c h b a c h , Records of Dispossession: Palestinian Refugee Property and the Arab-Israeli Conflict , (New York: Columbia University Press, 2003). 4 . St é phanie L. Abdallah, “Regards, visibilit é historique et politique des images sur les r é fugié s palestiniens depuis 1948,” Le Mouvement social no. 219–220 (2007): 65–91. 5 . Channing B. Richardson, “The United Nations and Arab Refugee Relief, 1948–1950; a Case Study in International Organization and Administration” (doctoral dissertation, Columbia University, 1951). 6. Robert Simon, “Channing Richardson, Professor of International Relations (1952–1983),” Hamilton College, last accessed June 12, 2013.: www. hamilton. edu/history/memorial-minutes/Channing-Richardson. 7 . Channing B. Richardson, “The United Nations Relief for Palestine Refugees,” International Organization 4, no. 1 (1950): 44–54. 8 . Richardson, “United Nations Relief,” 50. 182 Notes 9 . Channing B. Richardson, “The Refugee Problem,” Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science 24, no. 4 (1952): 43–50. 10 . Richardson, “The Refugee Problem,” 48. 11 . Don Peretz, “Israel and the Arab Refugees” (doctoral dissertation, Columbia University, 1955). 12 . Don Peretz, “Vignettes – Bits and Pieces,” in Paths to the Middle East: Ten Scholars Look Back , ed. T. Naff (Albany: SUNY Press, 1993), 231–261. 13 . Don Peretz, The Rights of the Palestinians (Washington, DC: Middle East Institute, 1974); Don Peretz, The West Bank: History, Politics, Society, and Economy (Boulder: Westview, 1986); Don Peretz, Palestinians, Refugees, and the Middle East Peace Process (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1993). 14 . Don Peretz, Israel and the Palestine Arabs (Washington, DC: Middle East Institute, 1958). 1 5 . P e r e t z , Israel and the Palestine Arabs , 7. 1 6 . R o n i E . G a b b a y , A Political Study of the Arab-Jewish Conflict. The Arab Refugee Problem (A Case Study) (Paris: Libraire Minard, 1959). 1 7 . G a b b a y , Political Study , 54–112. 18 . David P. Forsythe, “UNRWA, the Palestine Refugees, and World Politics: 1949–1969,” International Organization 25 (1971): 26–45. 19 . Forsythe, “UNRWA,” 27. 2 0 . F o r s y t h e , “ U N R W A , ” 3 0 – 3 1 . 21 . Forsythe, “UNRWA,” 45. 22 . Amos Perlmutter, “Patrons in the Babylonian Captivity of Clients: UNRWA and World Politics,” International Organization 25, no. 2 (1971): 306–308. 2 3 . P e r l m u t t e r , “ P a t r o n s , ” 3 0 6 . 2 4 . P e r l m u t t e r , “ P a t r o n s , ” 3 0 7 . 25 . David P. Forsythe, “Further on the United Nations Relief and Works Agency: Refugees from Objectivity: Comment,” International Organization 25 (1971): 950–952. 26 . David P. Forsythe, United Nations Peacemaking: the Conciliation Commission for Palestine (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972). See also J. C. Hurewitz, “The United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine: Establishment and Definition of Functions,” International Organization 7, no. 4 (1953): 482–497. 2 7 . E d w a r d H . B u e h r i g , The UN and the Palestinian Refugees: a Study in Nonterritorial Administration (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1971). 2 8 . B u e h r i g , The UN and the Palestinian Refugees , 43. 2 9 . B u e h r i g , The UN and the Palestinian Refugees , 43–53, 167–179. 30 . Marx and Nachmias also note that the UNRWA Commissioner General does not require any approval or confirmation from the General Assembly and that the individual reports directly to the Fifth Committee (administrative and Notes 183 budgetary) before being forwarded to the General Assembly. See Emmanuel Marx and Nitza Nachmias, “Dilemmas of Prolonged Humanitarian Aid Operations: The Case of UNRWA (UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees),” Journal of Humanitarian Assistance (2004), available at http://sites.tufts.edu/jha/archives/834 . 3 1 . B u e h r i g , The UN and the Palestinian Refugees , 90–92. 32 . Benjamin N. Schiff, Refugees unto the Third Generation: UN Aid to Palestinians (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1995). 3 3 . S c h i f f , Refugees , 5–20. 3 4 . B e n n y M o r r i s , The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–1949 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988). 35 . Efraim Karsh, “Benny Morris and the Reign of Error,” Middle East Quarterly 4 (1999): 15–28; Efraim Karsh, Fabricating Israeli History: the “New Historians” (London: Frank Cass, 2000). See also Shabtai Teveth, “The Palestine Arab Refugee Problem and its Origins,” Middle East Studies 26, no. 2 (1990): 214–249. 36 . See Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 1–9, and Benny Morris, One State, Two States: Resolving the Israel/Palestine Conflict (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009). 37 . Benny Morris, “The Historiography of Deir Yassin,” Journal of Israeli History 24, no. 1 (2005): 79–107. 38. See generally Yoav Gelber, “The History of Zionist Historiography, From Apologetics to Denial,” in Making Israel , ed. Benny Morris (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2007), 47–80; Joseph Heller, “Alternative Narratives and Collective Memories: Israel’s New Historians and the Use of Historical Context,” Middle Eastern Studies 42, no. 4 (2006): 571–586; Anita Shapira, “Historiography and Politics: The Debate of the New Historians,” History and Memory 7, no. 1 (1995): 9–40; Amos Perlmutter, “The Post- Zionist war against Israel,” Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions 1, no. 2 (2000): 93–112. Compare Assaf Likhovski, “Post-Post-Zionist Historiography,” Israel Studies 15, no. 2 (2010): 1–23. 3 9 . F o r e x a m p l e , I l a n P a p p é , The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1947–1951 (London: I.B. Taurus, 1992); Avi Shlaim, The Politics of Partition: King Abdullah, the Zionists, and Palestine, 1921–1951 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1990). 4 0 . W a l i d K h a l i d i , From Haven to Conquest; Readings in Zionism and the Palestine Problem until 1948 (Beirut: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1971); Walid Khalidi, All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948 (Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1992); Ibrahim Abu-Lughod, ed. The Transformation of Palestine: Essays on the Origin and Development of the Arab-Israeli Conflict (Evanston, Northwestern University Press, 1971). 184 Notes 41 . Walid Khalidi, “Plan Dalet: Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine,” Journal of Palestine Studies 18, no. 1 (1988): 4–33. 4 2 . D . T a l , War in Palestine, 1948: Strategy and Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 2004), 87–88; Yoav Gelber, Palestine, 1948: War, Escape and the Emergence of the Palestinian Refugee Problem (Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 2006), 303–306. 4 3 . I l a n P a p p é , The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine (Oxford: Oneworld, 2006); Rosemary M. Esber, Under the Cover of War: the Zionist Expulsion of the Palestinians (Alexandria, Virginia: Arabicus Books & Media, 2008); Oren Yiftachel, Ethnocracy: Land and Identity Politics in Israel/Palestine (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006). Compare Mordechai Bar-On, “Cleansing History of its Content: Some Critical Comments on Ilan Papp é’ s The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine,” Journal of Israeli History 27, no. 2 (2008): 269–275. 44 . Timothy Mitchell, “The Middle East in the Past and Future of Social Science,” in The Politics of Knowledge: Area Studies and the Disciplines , ed. David L. Szanton (Berkeley, University of California Press, 2002), 91, 94. 45 . For example, William B. Quandt, Paul Jabber, and Ann Mosely Lesch, The Politics of Palestinian Nationalism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973); Muhammad Y. Muslih, The Origins of Palestinian Nationalism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1988); Rashid Khalidi, Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997). 46. For example, Kurt Ren é Radley, “The Palestinian Refugees: The Right to Return in International Law,” American Journal of International Law 72 (1978): 586–614; Donna Arzt and Karen Zughaib, “Return to the Negotiated Lands: The Likelihood and Legality of a Population Transfer between Israel and a Future Palestinian State,” New York University Journal of International Law and Politics 24 (1991–92): 1399–1513; John B. Quigley, “Repatriation of the Displaced Arabs of Palestine: The Legal Requirement as Seen from the United Nations,” Moritz College of Law, Public Law and Legal Theory Working Paper Series 60, 2006. 47 . For example, Rita Giacaman, Harry S. Shannon, Hana Saab, Neil Arya, and Will Boyce, “Individual and Collective Exposure to Political Violence: Palestinian Adolescents Coping with Conflict,” European Journal of Public Health 17, no. 4 (2007): 361–368.