1999 INTERNATIONAL STUDBOOK CHEETAH (Acinonyx jubatus) Studbook Keeper: Laurie Marker TABLE OF CONTENTS Section A Introduction…………………………………………………………… 1 1999 Summary………………………………………………….…….. 2 1999 Studbook Information…………………………………………... 4 – 7 Conclusion…………………………………………………………….. 8 The Studbook………………………………………………………….. 9 Registration Procedures……………………………………………….. 10 Registration……………………………………………………. 10 Additions to Inventory………………………………………… 10 Deletions to Inventory………………………………………… 11 Studbook Format……………………………………………………… 12 -13 Breeder Number Abbreviations……………………………………….. 14 - 15 Section B Summary of Changes in the 1999 Captive Population………………… B 1 – 9 Section C Summary of Cheetahs at Individual Facilities as of December 31, 1999…………………………………………………….. C 1 – 22 Section D Additions since 1998…………………………………………………… D 1 – 8 Section E Births in 1999………………………………………………………….. E 1 – 5 Section F Deaths in 1999…………………………………………………………. F 1 – 8 Section G Transfers during 1999………….………………………………………. G 1 – 12 Section H Additional Comments about Individual Cheetahs by Studbook Numbers (1999)……………………………………………… H 1 - 5 Section I Multiple Sires –Dams…………………………………………………… I 1 Section J Live Animals by Studbook Number through December 31 ,1999………. J 1 – 95 Section K Inbreeding Coefficients………………………………………………….. K 1 – 27 Section L Mean Kinship by Sex……………………………………………………. L 1 - 16 Section M Reports Submitted for Publication in Studbook…………………………. M Breeding cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) at the Vienna Zoo By Harald M. Schwammer………………………………………. M 1 Cheetah mother reared her litter and an adopted litter to independence By J.W.W. Louwman……………………………………………. M 2 The use of DNA microsatellite markers for determining paternity in a captive cheetah population By Eric H. Harley, Ingrid Baumgarten and Peter S. Rogers…….. M 3 The present condition of captive Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) in Japan By Teruaki Hayasi……………………………………………….. M 4 Summary of the World Cheetah Report By Jacob Malouf and Amy Malouf………………………………. M 5 The status of the wild cheetah in its range countries Laurie Marker, Jacob Malouf and Amy Malouf………………….. M 6 1999 INTERNATIONAL CHEETAH (Acinonyx jubatus) STUDBOOK May 2000 Compiled by: Laurie Marker International Cheetah Studbook Keeper NOAHS Center National Zoological Park Smithsonian Institute Washington, D.C. 20008 Published By: Cheetah Conservation Fund Otjiwarongo, Namibia ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Studbook Keeper wishes to thank all the people and organizations that have assisted with the Studbook. The Studbook Keeper also wishes to thank her two main assistants in the production of the International Studbook. Amy Dickman, a Research Assistant from the WildCRU at Oxford University currently at Cheetah Conservation Fund, assisted in all analysis and the editing of papers submitted for publication in the Studbook. Other thanks go to CCF’s Research Associate, Bonnie Schumann, for her assistance in correspondence with cheetah facilities and data input. Several other people have also played a significant role in the Studbook’s publication, including Jeff Muntifering, a CCF volunteer from Minnesota in the USA, and several EarthWatch volunteers. The artwork for the cover is an original pastel of Chewbaaka, the ‘cheetah ambassador’ at CCF, by Elena Chelysheva, a CCF volunteer from Moscow Zoo. The following organizations have supported the publication of the International Studbook and are greatly appreciated: the Cheetah Conservation Fund in Namibia, Africa, the WILD Foundation in Ojai, California, USA, and NOAHS Center at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C. SECTION A Introduction INTRODUCTION The 1999 International Cheetah Studbook is the tenth edition of the world registry for captive cheetah. This edition of the International Cheetah Studbook combines all information available for the period January 1, 1999 to December 31, 1999. The captive population on December 31, 1999 was 1296 (668.620.8) animals in 272facilities in 51 countries. The captive population of cheetah live in eight geographical regions. Figure 1 shows the percentage of cheetah living in these regions as of the end of 1999. Table 1 is a breakdown of the eight regions by country and includes the number of facilities and the number of cheetah in each country at the end of 1999. This edition of the Studbook includes the major changes in the captive population from January 1, 1999 through December 31, 1999 (Section B). Section C is a summary of the captive population of cheetah, by studbook number, at individual facilities as of December 31, 1999. The first column in Section C shows which of the bi-annual 1999 questionnaires had been returned by the facility concerned by April 2000 (either mid-year, end-of-year, both or none), to give an indication of how up-to-date the information used in the Studbook is. Also included in this edition are all additions (section D), births (section E), deaths (section F), and transfers (section G) during 1999. Section H includes general comments and deaths notes by individual studbook number. Section I is a listing of Multiple Sires and Dams, which are listed in the Sire and Dam column of the Studbook as “Mult”. Section J is a Studbook listing of all live animals as of December 31, 1999. Sections K and L include inbreeding coefficients for 1999 live animals. Section M includes articles submitted for publication in the 1999 International Cheetah Studbook. Australia / New Zealand 2% Europe 24% Southern Africa 34% Far East 10% Great Britain / Ireland Central and South 4% America N/E Africa / Middle East 3% / India North America 3% 20% Figure 1. 1999 Captive Cheetah Population by Region, 1296 Animals Table 1 – 1999 Regional Groupings 1999 Facilities Total M F U Southern Africa Namibia 27 146 86 60 0 South Africa 30 295 147 147 1 Zimbabwe 1 7 2 5 0 1999 - 3 countries, 58 facilities, 448 (235.212.1) animals North America Canada 6 35 14 21 0 United States 61 226 119 107 0 1999 - 2 countries, 67 facilities, 261 (133.128.0) animals Europe Austria 4 14 6 8 0 Belgium 5 14 7 7 0 Bulgaria 1 2 2 0 0 Czech Republic 3 15 3 9 3 Denmark 1 2 1 1 0 France 12 55 30 25 0 Germany 21 78 33 41 4 Italy 2 7 4 3 0 Netherlands 8 68 41 27 0 Poland 3 8 5 3 0 Portugal 3 11 4 7 0 Russia 2 11 6 5 0 Slovenia 1 1 1 0 0 Spain 4 7 3 4 0 Sweden 2 5 3 2 0 Switzerland 3 11 6 5 0 Uzbekistan 2 2 0 2 0 1999 - 17 countries, 77 facilities, 311 (155.149.7) animals Far East Burma 1 2 1 1 0 China 3 13 5 8 0 Indonesia 2 9 5 4 0 Japan 9 62 35 27 0 Malaysia 1 2 1 1 0 North Korea 2 2 1 1 0 Singapore 1 4 3 1 0 Sri Lanka 1 2 1 1 0 Taiwan 1 1 0 1 0 Thailand 4 27 13 14 0 1999 – 10 countries, 25 facilities, 124 (65.59.0) animals Great Britain/Ireland England 9 29 15 14 0 Ireland 1 17 7 10 0 Northern Ireland 1 3 2 1 0 Scotland 2 5 3 2 0 1999 - 4 countries, 13 facilities, 54 (27.27.0) animals N/E Africa/Middle East/India Ethiopia 1 1 1 0 0 India 1 3 2 1 0 Israel 2 4 4 0 0 Kenya 2 6 2 4 0 Morocco/N Africa 1 2 1 1 0 Qatar 1 2 1 1 0 Saudi Arabia 2 5 2 3 0 United Arab Emirates 3 6 3 3 0 Dubai 2 5 4 1 0 1999 - 9 countries, 15 facilities, 34 (20.14.0) animals Central and South America Argentina 1 2 1 1 0 Brazil 2 3 1 2 0 Cuba 1 3 2 1 0 Mexico 4 25 10 15 0 1999 - 4 countries, 8 facilities, 33 (14.19.0) animals Australia/New Zealand Australia 5 18 12 6 0 New Zealand 2 9 6 3 0 1999 - 2 countries, 7 facilities, 27 (18.9.0) animals Other Unknown location 2 4 1 3 0 1999 Total - 51 countries, 272 facilities,1296 (669.620.8) animals From 1 January 1999 to 31 December 1999, 127 (64.54.9) new animals were registered (see Section E). These additions include historical information on animals not previously registered, newly imported wild-caught animals, and births during this period. Historic information was received pertaining to 26 (17.9) animals, 13 (8.5) of whom were wild-caught and 13 (9.4) were captive born. All 13 wild-caught animals were caught in Namibia, and these animals were imported to five private facilities in Namibia. Thirteen (9.4) ‘historic’ births were reported, all of which occurred in 1998. The newly reported 1998 births were from Hoedspruit, La Palmyr and Mito Cho. An overview of the major changes from 1999 are presented in Section B. In the 1999 summary, the 1998 column includes corrections that were reported after the publication of the 1997-1998 International Cheetah Studbook; therefore, it differs from the totals published in the 1997-1998 International Cheetah Studbook. As it is only necessary to print a complete Studbook listing of all animals every five years and the last complete Studbook was in 1995, the next complete Studbook listing will be in the 2000 International Cheetah Studbook. 1999 STUDBOOK INFORMATION The captive cheetah population on December 31, 1999 was 1296 (668.620.8) animals in 272 facilities in 51 countries. Of the 1296 animals, 73% or 951 (499.444.8) are captive-born and 27% or 345 (169.176.0) are wild- born (see Figure 2). This figure shows an increase by 26 in the number of captive-born animals in the population over 1998, and a decrease in the number of wild-born animals since 1998 (345 in 1999 vs. 364 in 1998). Successful parentage was reported in 1999 with animals as young as 4 years old or as old as 11. The majority of successful breeding for both sexes occurs between 3 and 10 years of age.