A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Husted, Emil Doctoral Thesis There is Always an Alternative: A Study of Control and Commitment in Political Organization PhD Series, No. 36.2017 Provided in Cooperation with: Copenhagen Business School (CBS) Suggested Citation: Husted, Emil (2017) : There is Always an Alternative: A Study of Control and Commitment in Political Organization, PhD Series, No. 36.2017, ISBN 9788793579453, Copenhagen Business School (CBS), Frederiksberg, http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9534 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/209044 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. 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Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ www.econstor.eu COPENHAGEN BUSINESS SCHOOL AN ALTERNATIVE: THERE IS ALWAYS SOLBJERG PLADS 3 DK-2000 FREDERIKSBERG DANMARK WWW.CBS.DK ISSN 0906-6934 Print ISBN: 978-87-93579-44-6 Online ISBN: 978-87-93579-45-3 A STUDY OF CONTROL AND COMMITMENT IN POLITICAL ORGANIZATION Emil Husted THERE IS ALWAYS AN ALTERNATIVE: A STUDY OF CONTROL AND COMMITMENT IN POLITICAL ORGANIZATION Doctoral School of Organisation and Management Studies PhD Series 36.2017 PhD Series 36-2017 There is always an alternative A study of control and commitment in political organization PhD dissertation by Emil Husted Department of Organization Doctoral School of Organisation and Management Studies Copenhagen Business School Supervisors Ursula Plesner, Copenhagen Business School Julie Uldam, Roskilde University Word count: 79,818 Emil Husted There is always an alternative: A study of control and commitment in political organization 1st edition 2017 PhD Series 36.2017 © Emil Husted ISSN 0906-6934 Print ISBN: 978-87-93579-44-6 Online ISBN: 978-87-93579-45-3 The Doctoral School of Organisation and Management Studies (OMS) is an interdisciplinary research environment at Copenhagen Business School for PhD students working on theoretical and empirical themes related to the organisation and management of private, public and voluntary organizations. All rights reserved. No parts of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Table of contents List of figures and tables ................................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................... 6 Preface .............................................................................................................................................. 8 1. Introduction: The problem of particularization ......................................................................... 9 New parties, new problems ............................................................................................................ 10 Research questions ......................................................................................................................... 13 Where’s the party ........................................................................................................................... 15 Findings and contributions ............................................................................................................. 17 Outline of the dissertation.............................................................................................................. 20 References ...................................................................................................................................... 21 2. The Alternative: A rose by any name? .................................................................................................. 26 The birth of a party ......................................................................................................................... 27 There is always an alternative! ................................................................................................... 28 Formal organization and recent development ........................................................................... 33 What’s in a name? .......................................................................................................................... 34 Naming and affect ...................................................................................................................... 36 The lure of the alternative .......................................................................................................... 37 References ...................................................................................................................................... 40 3. Methodology: Studying in the eye of the storm ............................................................................... 44 Philosophy of science ..................................................................................................................... 45 Post-structuralist discourse theory ............................................................................................. 46 Analytical strategy ...................................................................................................................... 48 Methods and data .......................................................................................................................... 51 Communicative validity ............................................................................................................... 52 Reading texts .............................................................................................................................. 54 Asking questions ......................................................................................................................... 55 Hanging out ................................................................................................................................ 58 1 Studying in the eye of the storm .................................................................................................... 61 Maintaining expertise ................................................................................................................. 62 Maintaining relevance ................................................................................................................ 63 Maintaining neutrality ................................................................................................................ 64 Maintaining distance .................................................................................................................. 66 References ...................................................................................................................................... 69 4. Literature: Control and commitment in political organization .............................................. 76 Political parties and organization studies ....................................................................................... 78 What is political organization? ....................................................................................................... 80 Review of the literature .................................................................................................................. 83 The legacy of Michels .................................................................................................................. 87 The revival of Follett ................................................................................................................... 90 The relevance of Kanter .............................................................................................................. 94 Gaps and problems ......................................................................................................................... 97 References ...................................................................................................................................... 99 5. First paper: The Alternative to Occupy? ........................................................................................... 105 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 106 Discourse theory and radical