Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience Roadmap for optofluidics This content has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text. 2017 J. Opt. 19 093003 (http://iopscience.iop.org/2040-8986/19/9/093003) View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more Download details: IP Address: 172.58.22.218 This content was downloaded on 30/08/2017 at 06:11 Please note that terms and conditions apply. You may also be interested in: Integrated optical waveguides and inertial focussing microfluidics in silica for microflow cytometry applications Jonathan T Butement, Hamish C Hunt, David J Rowe et al. Roadmap on biosensing and photonics with advanced nano-optical methods Enzo Di Fabrizio, Sebastian Schlücker, Jérôme Wenger et al. 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Opt. 19 (2017) 093003 (50pp) https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/aa783b Topical Review Roadmap foroptofluidics Paolo Minzioni1,21 , Roberto Osellame2 , Cinzia Sada3, S Zhao4, F G Omenetto4, Kristinn B Gylfason5 , Tommy Haraldsson5 , Yibo Zhang6, Aydogan Ozcan6,7 , Adam Wax8, Frieder Mugele9, Holger Schmidt10, Genni Testa11, Romeo Bernini11, Jochen Guck12, Carlo Liberale13, Kirstine Berg-Sørensen14, Jian Chen15, Markus Pollnau16, Sha Xiong17, Ai-Qun Liu17, Chia-Chann Shiue18, Shih-Kang Fan18, David Erickson19 and David Sinton20 1 Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, I-27100 Pavia, Italy 2 Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie—CNR, P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy 3 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131, Padova, Italy 4 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States of America 5 Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden 6 Electrical Engineering Department, Bioengineering Department, and California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America 7 Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America 8 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America 9 Physics of Complex Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands 10 School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States of America 11 Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico de ll’Ambiente, National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, I-81031 Naples, Italy 12 Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Am Tatzberg 47-49, D-01307 Dresden, Germany 13 Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia 14 Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark 15 State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China 16 Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom 17 School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 18 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan 19 Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell Unversity, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America 20 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada E-mail: [email protected] Received 28 March 2017, revised 26 May 2017 Accepted for publication 8 June 2017 Published 22 August 2017 21 Guest editor of the Roadmap. 2040-8978/17/093003+50$33.00 1 © 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd Printed in the UK J. Opt. 19 (2017) 093003 Topical Review Abstract Optofluidics, nominally the research area where optics and fluidics merge, is a relatively new research field and it is only in the last decade that there has been a large increase in the number of optofluidicapplications, as well as in the number of research groups, devoted to the topic. Nowadays optofluidics applications include, without being limited to, lab-on-a-chip devices, fluid-based and controlled lenses, optical sensors for fluids and for suspended particles, biosensors, imaging tools, etc. The long list of potential optofluidics applications, which have been recently demonstrated, suggests that optofluidic technologies will become more and more common in everyday life in the future, causing a significant impact on many aspects of our society. A characteristic of this research field, deriving from both its interdisciplinary origin and applications, is that in order to develop suitable solutions acombination of a deep knowledge in different fields, ranging from materials science to photonics, from microfluidics to molecular biology and biophysics,is often required. As a direct consequence, also being able to understand the long-term evolution of optofluidics research is noteasy. In this article, we report several expert contributions on different topicsso as to provide guidance for young scientists. At the same time, we hope that this document will also prove useful for funding institutions and stakeholdersto better understand the perspectives and opportunities offered by this research field. Keywords: optofluidics, photonics, microfluidics, nanofluidics (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal) Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. 3D optofluidic devices usingfemtosecond laser micromachining 5 3. Lithium niobate as an optofluidic platform 7 4. Silk fibroin films for biophotonic and microfluidic applications 10 5. Integration of microfluidics with silicon photonic sensors 12 6. Holographic on-chip microscopy and tomography using lensless computational imaging 14 7. Live cell imaging with optofluidics 16 8. Optofluidic microlenses: from tunable focal length to aberration control 18 9. Integration of reconfigurable photonics and microfluidics 21 10. Optofluidic waveguides and resonators 23 11. High-content physical phenotyping of biological objects with microfluidic dual-beam laser traps 25 12. Integration of fiber-based tweezers and microfluidic systems 28 13. Acoustic prefocusing in optofluidic systems 30 14. Optofluidics for single-cell protein analysis 32 15. Optofluidics for DNA analysis 34 16. Nanoscale optofluidics 37 17. Optofluidic immunoassays 39 18. Optofluidics and point-of-need diagnostics for precision medicine and global health 41 19. Optofluidics in energy 43 2 J. Opt. 19 (2017) 093003 Topical Review 1. Introduction of possible readers: young researchers, scientists from other disciplines, and optofluidics experts. Paolo Minzioni Young researchers starting their activity in optofluidics could significantly benefit from this article, as it represents a University of Pavia reference text, showing thepossibilities and challenges of this specific research field. Additionally, the Roadmap also comes Optofluidics: an emerging and promising topic. The field of with a substantial bibliography making it easier to identify optofluidics is a relatively new one in the scientific panorama. and access many helpful papers. Although the idea of using fluids to control light, e.g. by The Roadmap could alsobe useful for researchers who spinning-mercury mirrors, dates back to the 18th century, no have already developedgood expertise in a contiguous field, liquid-mirrortelescope was practically realized before the end such as chemical sensing, microfluidic devices, high sensi- of the 20th century. In particular, it is only overthe last 15 tivity molecule sensors, single-cell analysis, material science years that the term ‘optofluidics’ has attracted significant and high-precision diagnostics. For all of these areas, attention, and that many groups have started devoting their optofluidics can surely open new possibilities and scenarios research efforts to this field. and this Roadmap can help to unveil them. The ‘young age’ of this research field is demonstrated by Finally, for experienced researchers in the optofluidics the fact that the first works indexed on the Web of Science field, the contributions included in this text by well-known database and containing the word ‘optofluidics’ in the topic experts give a reference point forthe current state-of-the-art. appears in 2005 [1, 2]. Since that moment, the attention The Roadmap givesthem recent updates onscientific activ- devoted to the realization of systems exploiting the ities and an analysis of what other experienced researchers see simultaneous control of fluidic conditions