This PDF is available from The National Academies Press at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13446 Transforming Glycoscience: A Roadmap for the Future ISBN Committee on Assessing the Importance and Impact of Glycomics and 978-0-309-26083-1 Glycosciences; Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology; Board on Life Sciences; Division on Earth and Life Studies; National Research 191 pages Council 6 x 9 PAPERBACK (2012) Visit the National Academies Press online and register for... Instant access to free PDF downloads of titles from the NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 10% off print titles Custom notification of new releases in your field of interest Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Request reprint permission for this book Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Transforming Glycoscience: A Roadmap for the Future Committee on Assessing the Importance and Impact of Glycomics and Glycosciences Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology Board on Life Sciences Division on Earth and Life Studies Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Transforming Glycoscience: A Roadmap for the Future THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Gov- erning Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engi- neering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This project was supported by the National Institutes of Health under contract N01-OD-4-2139, TO#251, the National Science Foundation under grant CHE- 1138764, the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-SC0007069, the Food and Drug Administration under contract HHSF223200810020I, TO#HHSF22301023, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does the mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Any opinions, find- ings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-26083-1 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-26083-3 Additional copies of the report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. Cover: Imaging of glycans in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Glycans are labeled in red and cell nuclei and Golgi apparatus are labeled in blue and green, respectively. Image courtesy of Carolyn Bertozzi, Scott Laughlin, and Jeremy Baskin. Source: Baskin J. M., J. A. Prescher, S. T. Laughlin, N. J. Agard, P. V. Chang, I. A. Miller, A. Lo, J. A. Codelli, and C. R. Bertozzi. 2007. Copper-free click chemistry for dynamic in vivo imaging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104(43):16793-16797. Copyright 2012 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Transforming Glycoscience: A Roadmap for the Future The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal govern- ment on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its mem- bers, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advis- ing the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in pro- viding services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Transforming Glycoscience: A Roadmap for the Future Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Transforming Glycoscience: A Roadmap for the Future COMMITTEE ON ASSESSING THE IMPORTANCE AND IMPACT OF GLYCOMICS AND GLYCOSCIENCES DAVID WALT (Chair), Department of Chemistry, Tufts University KIYOKO F. AOKI-KINOSHITA, Department of Bioinformatics, Soka University, Japan BRAD BENDIAK, University of Colorado, Denver CAROLYN R. BERTOZZI, University of California, Berkeley GEERT-JAN BOONS, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia ALAN DARVILL, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia GERALD HART, Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine LAURA L. KIESSLING, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin JOHN LOWE, Genentech, Inc. ROBERT J. MOON, Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service JAMES C. PAULSON, Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute RAM SASISEKHARAN, Massachusetts Institute of Technology AJIT P. VARKI, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine CHI-HUEY WONG, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, and The Scripps Research Institute Staff KATHERINE BOWMAN, Co-Study Director and Senior Program Officer, Board on Life Sciences DOUGLAS FRIEDMAN, Co-Study Director and Program Officer, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology SHEENA SIDDIQUI, Senior Program Associate, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology RACHEL YANCEY, Senior Program Assistant, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology JOE ALPER, Consulting Science Writer v Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Transforming Glycoscience: A Roadmap for the Future BOARD ON CHEMICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY Members PABLO DEBENEDETTI (Co-chair), Princeton University, New Jersey C. DALE POULTER (Co-chair), University of Utah, Salt Lake City ZHENAN BAO, Stanford University, California ROBERT BERGMAN, University of California, Berkeley HENRY BRYNDZA, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Wilmington, Delaware EMILY CARTER, Princeton University, New Jersey DAVID CHRISTIANSON, University of Pennsylvania MARY JANE HAGENSON, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, LLC, The Woodlands, Texas CAROL J. HENRY, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. JILL HRUBY, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico MICHAEL KERBY, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas CHARLES E. KOLB, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts JOSEF MICHL, University of Colorado, Boulder SANDER MILLS, Merck, Sharp, & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey DAVID MORSE, Corning International, Corning, New York ROBERT E. ROBERTS, Institute for Defense Analyses, Washington, D.C. DARLENE J. S. SOLOMON, Aligent Laboratories, Santa Clara, California JEAN TOM, Bristol-Myers Squibb, West Windsor, New Jersey DAVID WALT, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts National Research Council Staff DOROTHY ZOLANDZ, Director AMANDA CLINE, Administrative Assistant DOUGLAS FRIEDMAN, Program Officer KATHRYN HUGHES, Senior Program Officer TINA