Biblical Material in the Latin Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles Evina Steinová 3427021 Supervised by: Dr. Els Rose, Utrecht University Utrecht University 2011 Evina Steinova 2 Biblical material in the Latin Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles Evina Steinova 3 Biblical material in the Latin Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles Acknowledgment This thesis was written within the NWO project The Dynamics of Apocryphal Traditions in Medieval Religious Culture led by Dr. Els Rose from Utrecht University. I would like to thank to all members of the project team, especially to Maarten Prot, Maaike Rietrae and Valentina Covaci, for their help and encouragement during my thesis research. My special thanks belong also to my supervisor, Dr. Els Rose, who provided me with ample support and material to work with. My additional thanks belong to prof. Marco Mostert, who is the second reader of this thesis. Evina Steinova 4 Biblical material in the Latin Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles Evina Steinova 5 Biblical material in the Latin Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles Contents Abbreviations ....................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................ 9 The method ..................................................................................................................... 10 Overview of the collection ............................................................................................... 12 Survey of the manuscripts ............................................................................................... 14 Chapter 2: Material ............................................................................. 16 Definition ........................................................................................................................ 16 Description ...................................................................................................................... 18 Distribution ..................................................................................................................... 19 Presentation .................................................................................................................... 21 Chapter 3: Typological Analysis ........................................................ 22 Theoretical background ................................................................................................. 22 Linguistic aspect ............................................................................................................................................... 23 Semantic aspect ............................................................................................................................................... 24 Formal aspect ................................................................................................................................................... 25 Acknowledgment ............................................................................................................................................. 26 Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 27 Quotations ....................................................................................................................................................... 27 References ....................................................................................................................................................... 34 Minor types ...................................................................................................................................................... 37 Memory as the vehicle of referentiality .......................................................................................................... 39 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 41 Chapter 4: Material Analysis .............................................................. 44 Theoretical background ................................................................................................. 44 Conservation of biblical material in the Virtutes Apostolorum ....................................................................... 44 Transmission of Scripture in the early centuries of Christianity ...................................................................... 46 Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 48 References in the prototexts ........................................................................................................................... 49 Pure excerpts ................................................................................................................................................... 50 Hybrid excerpts ................................................................................................................................................ 54 Quotations ....................................................................................................................................................... 55 The Place of Gregory of Tours and Rufinus in the collection ........................................................................... 62 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 64 Evina Steinova 6 Biblical material in the Latin Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles Chapter 5: Process Analysis ............................................................... 67 Theoretical background ................................................................................................. 67 Definitions: Processes, agents, layers .............................................................................................................. 67 Types of layers and agents ............................................................................................................................... 69 History of the transmission of the material of the Virtutes Apostolorum ....................................................... 71 Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 74 Narrative perspective: the Acts of Peter .......................................................................................................... 75 Process perspective: Harmonization and Contamination ................................................................................ 79 Manuscript perspective: Bamberg 139 ............................................................................................................ 83 Global perspective: the same scriptural passages referred to in different narratives .................................... 86 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 89 Chapter 6: Conclusion ........................................................................ 92 The nature and the structure of the collection .............................................................. 92 Manner of the usage of scriptural books in the Virtutes Apostolorum and their presentation ........................................................................................................................ 94 Canonicity and authority of Scripture ............................................................................ 95 Material background of the collection ........................................................................... 96 Methodological concern ................................................................................................ 97 Further venues for the research ..................................................................................... 97 Bibliography ....................................................................................... 99 Primary sources .............................................................................................................. 99 Secondary sources ......................................................................................................... 100 Evina Steinova 7 Biblical material in the Latin Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles Abbreviations BHL Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina CBL Collectanea Biblica Latina CCSL Corpus Christianorum Series Latina CHL Comentationes Humanarum Litterarum CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum GCS Griechischen Christlichen Schriftsteller MGH Monumenta Germaniae Historica PL Patrologia Latina SC Sources chrétiennes Evina Steinova 8 Biblical material in the Latin Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles Evina Steinova 9 Biblical material in the Latin Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles Chapter 1: Introduction This thesis was born out of the NWO project The Dynamics of Apocryphal Traditions in Medieval Religious Culture led by Dr. Els Rose of Utrecht University.1 The subject of the project is a corpus of early medieval Latin apocryphal Acts of Apostles (Virtutes Apostolorum, formerly known as the collection of pseudo-Abdias), a complex body of texts related to the deeds (virtutes) and martyrdom (passiones) of twelve apostolic figures - Peter, Paul, Andrew, John, James the Great, James the Less, Thomas, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew and Simon with