1 Funding for the Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program NEA Jazz Master interview was provided by the National Endowment for the Arts. DAN MORGENSTERN NEA Jazz Master (2007) Interviewee: Dan Morgenstern (October 24, 1929 - ) Interviewer: Ed Berger with recording engineer Ken Kimery Date: March 28-29, 2007 Repository: Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution Description: Transcript, 83 pp. Berger: It’s March 28th, 2007. I’m Ed Berger. I’m here at the Institute of Jazz Studies in Newark interviewing my good friend and colleague Dan Morgenstern. Ken Kimery is presiding at the technical aspects. This is for the Smithsonian Oral History Project. Dan, we want to begin the inquisition with your earliest memories, but first, for the record, could you state your full name and your birth date and place? Morgenstern: I’m Dan Michael Morgenstern. I was born on October 24th, 1929. I am presently director of the Institute of Jazz Studies at Rutgers University’s Newark campus. Berger: Why don’t you tell us about your ancestry, as much as you remember – your parents and even further back if you . Morgenstern: It’s a fairly complicated – but I’ll try to be brief. My father was born in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Between the world wars it was Poland. After World War II it became the Soviet Union, but now it’s Ukraine. So it had a scattered history. He was born into a Hassidic family, but not in what we generally think of as eastern European Jewry. We mostly think of what they call a stetl, which is a small For additional information contact the Archives Center at 202.633.3270 or [email protected] 2 town or a village. This was not even a village. It was just a collection of farmhouses, a very small spot on the map. My paternal grandfather was the manager of an estate that belonged to a Polish noblewoman. So my father grew up in a rural atmosphere. Like most Jewish kids, he went to – very early on to a school where you learn to read Hebrew. So he grew up multi- lingual: Polish, Russian, Ukrainian. His father, unlike most Hassids, wanted him to have a formal Westernized education. He said, if you don’t know German, if you’re not – you will never get anywhere. He was one of three brothers – he was the youngest – and two sisters. He went to – then his father let him go to a Polish – what they call a gymnasium, which is like high school. He did very well there. Then he had agreed with his father that he was going to go to Vienna to a university and that he would study law, although he was not particularly interested in doing that. But he had promised his father. When my father was about 17 or so, his father was killed in an accident. A horse went wild. There was a crash, and he was killed, which was a real blow to my father, because he was very close to him. He kept his promise to his father to study law. So when he went to Vienna in 1912 – he was 22 years old by the time – he was born in 1890 – he spent a couple of years at university. Then he was drafted and served in World War I as a junior officer. He reached the rank of first lieutenant actually. Because of his farm experience, the army put him in charge of buying horses. In World War I we still had cavalry. He served in Hungary and Serbia and all over the place there. When he was discharged he came back to Vienna and finished his law studies, which is actually a doctor juris in the old-fashioned European university. You study the history of law, and then you become an expert in Roman law and all this stuff. So he got his doctorate, but he was really interested in theater. He wanted to become a playwright. He got a job working for the famous director Max Reinhardt, who eventually – as so many refugees from Hitler – came to the United States and did the film version of A Midsummer Night’s Dream and some other stuff in the U.S. before he died. He was a major figure in early twentieth-century theater. My father wrote a couple of plays. None of them got produced. They were not very successful. But he also began to write things, like freelance writing book reviews. So he became a journalist, spent some time in Berlin, and then came back to Vienna, where among other things he befriended the famous composer – or famous-to-be composer Alban Berg, whom I remember very well from my childhood. He met my mother in 1925. My mother was born in Germany. Her father was Danish. He was a composer and conductor named Karl Von Klenau. Came from an old, originally German family. Came to Denmark in the early 16th century. His ancestors were – there For additional information contact the Archives Center at 202.633.3270 or [email protected] 3 was a general. He was a baron, but he didn’t use the title. He was a modestly gifted composer, but very prolific, who wrote a number of operas. We’ll get to him later. He married my grandmother, who was the granddaughter of a famous man who played a role in nineteenth-century German history insofar as he became one of the first Jewish delegates to the German Reichstag and was an opponent of Bismarck’s. He was elected several times from Frankfurt. He was originally – he had gone into business, but he acquired a newspaper, which was originally a fairly limited kind of business paper, but he expanded it into the Frankfurter Zeitung, which became one of the major German newspapers, and had a distinguished career. He only had one child, a daughter. That was my great-grandmother, whom I still remember. She in turn married a man named Simon, who was a businessman, and had a number of children. One youngest son was killed in World War I. Another son went to the U.S. right after World War I. He got into the oil business in Texas and then he died at a fairly young age of a heart attack, apparently on the lap of a woman who wasn’t his wife. There were two other sons who got involved in the newspaper. They ran the newspaper. One was the editor. The other was the business manager. Both of them wound up in the U.S. after the Hitler years. When the Nazis took over, of course they stripped my family of ownership of the paper. The paper, however, did continue until 1943. The people who ran it attempted to make it a still respectable paper, which was very difficult under the Nazis. Eventually they were closed down. In 1943 Goebbels cut them down. My father – even before he met my mother he started writing occasionally for that paper as well as other papers. He was eventually hired by that paper as the Viennese cultural correspondent and served in that capacity for a number of years. He wrote quite prolifically. He reviewed theater, music, films – anything having to do with culture, and did some – he had a column where he could write about almost anything he wanted, so he wrote a lot about Vienna. He became very involved in Viennese culture – popular culture too. So he would write about a guy who was a bootblack or he would write about some local activities. He was very much attuned to Vienna and became very fond of that city. We’ll soon see how that ended. They got married. They met when my maternal grandfather Von Klenau was in Vienna. He was at that time – he was a champion of the Schoenberg school and was there to give some concerts of contemporary music. My mother, who was the oldest of four kids – three girls and one boy – and was closest to her father – he had brought her along. He had rehearsals. He met my father rather casually and said to him, “Why don’t you take my daughter out for dinner or something? I’m busy. I can’t take care of her.” So that’s how that got started. They got married in 1928. For additional information contact the Archives Center at 202.633.3270 or [email protected] 4 My grandmother had bought a – she’s the one. Kleenow didn’t have any money. She had money. She came from a wealthy family. She had bought a place in the country that was near the Austrian border in Bavaria. It was an old, beautiful, large house that was – living quarters, and it also had an adjoining stable and a barn where you could – what they did in those days – you could process – harvest stuff. It had quite a bit of land attached to it. She built another house there, a smaller house, for the kids. There was another – still another place which was for the tenant farmer. So it was a fairly large operation. That’s where my mother was raised, also going to Denmark in the summers. That’s how it happened that I was born in Munich, which was a city that I never saw until after being drafted into the U.S. Army, after my arrival here, and being stationed near Munich. I had never seen it before. So that is my birth place, but I never spent any time there.