GTAC/CBPEP/ EU project on employment-intensive rural land reform in South Africa: policies, programmes and capacities Municipal case study Matzikama Local Municipality, Western Cape David Mayson, Rick de Satgé and Ivor Manuel with Bruno Losch Phuhlisani NPC March 2020 Abbreviations and acronyms BEE Black Economic Empowerment CASP Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme CAWH Community Animal Health Worker CEO Chief Executive Officer CPA Communal Property of Association CPAC Commodity Project Allocation Committee DAAC District Agri-Park Advisory Committee DAPOTT District Agri Park Operational Task Team DoA Department of Agriculture DRDLR Department of Rural Development and Land Reform DWS Department of Water and Sanitation ECPA Ebenhaeser CPA FALA Financial Assistance Land FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation FPSU Farmer Production Support Unit FTE Full-Time Equivalent GGP Gross Geographic Product GDP Gross Domestic Product GVA Gross Value Added HDI Historically Disadvantaged Individual IDP Integrated Development Plan ILO International Labour Organisation LED Local economic development LORWUA Lower Olifants Water Users Association LSU Large stock units NDP National Development Plan PDOA Provincial Department of Agriculture PGWC Provincial Government of the Western Cape PLAS Proactive Land Acquisition Strategy SDF Spatial Development Framework SLAG Settlement and Land Acquisition Grant SSU Small stock unit SPP Surplus People Project TRANCRAA Transformation of Certain Rural Areas Act WUA Water Users Association ii Table of Contents Abbreviations and acronyms .................................................................................................................. ii Executive summary ................................................................................................................................. 1 Overview of study ............................................................................................................................... 1 Overview of Matzikama ...................................................................................................................... 1 The implications of redistributing 50% of the land in Matzikama ...................................................... 1 1 Background ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Key dynamics shaping agriculture and potential for employment intensive land reform in South Africa ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Structure of the report ............................................................................................................ 2 1 Matzikama overview ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Overview of socio-economic conditions within the municipality ........................................... 3 1.1.1 Population ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.2 National trends in agricultural employment ................................................................... 3 1.1.3 Agricultural employment in Matzikama ......................................................................... 3 1.1.4 Poverty ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.2 Agro ecological conditions: mapping existing land uses and capability classes ..................... 4 1.2.1 Available irrigation and groundwater resources and their current utilisation ............... 4 1.2.2 Extensive grazing land ..................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Current land ownership patterns ............................................................................................ 8 1.4 Land reform to date .............................................................................................................. 11 1.4.1 Land acquisition in Matzikama ..................................................................................... 11 1.4.2 Land reform projects - past and present ...................................................................... 12 1.4.3 Assessment of current institutional arrangements for land reform initiatives ............ 12 1.5 Small-scale farming sector .................................................................................................... 12 1.5.1 Ebenhaeser ................................................................................................................... 13 1.5.2 Other small-scale farmers in Matzikama ...................................................................... 14 1.5.3 Location, land and water .............................................................................................. 15 1.5.4 Land allocation .............................................................................................................. 15 1.5.5 Production systems ....................................................................................................... 15 1.5.6 Characteristics of successful small-scale producers ..................................................... 16 1.5.7 Markets/marketing ....................................................................................................... 16 1.6 Support.................................................................................................................................. 17 1.6.1 Department of Agriculture Farmer support ................................................................. 17 1.6.2 Department of Rural Development and Land Reform support .................................... 18 1.6.3 The Matzikama Local Municipality ............................................................................... 20 1.6.4 NGOs: Surplus People Project ....................................................................................... 21 1.7 Land demand/needs ............................................................................................................. 21 iii 1.8 Large-scale commercial farming sector ................................................................................ 21 1.8.1 Production systems ....................................................................................................... 21 1.8.2 Commodities ................................................................................................................. 22 1.8.3 Markets/marketing ....................................................................................................... 23 1.8.4 Role in land and agrarian reform .................................................................................. 23 1.8.5 Farm labour ................................................................................................................... 24 1.9 Settlement patterns, local food demand and markets ......................................................... 25 1.9.1 Matzikama towns and villages ...................................................................................... 25 2 Analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 26 2.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 26 2.1.1 Smallholder farmers and land reform beneficiary capability ....................................... 26 2.1.2 Minimal land reform to date......................................................................................... 26 2.2 Promising commodities, production systems and marketing strategies .............................. 27 2.2.1 Commodities ................................................................................................................. 27 2.2.2 Livestock ........................................................................................................................ 27 2.2.3 Wine grapes .................................................................................................................. 32 2.2.4 Dried grapes – raisins and currants .............................................................................. 34 2.2.5 Lucerne .......................................................................................................................... 35 2.2.6 Tomato .......................................................................................................................... 35 2.2.7 Vegetables ..................................................................................................................... 37 2.3 Production systems ............................................................................................................... 38 2.3.1 Arable ............................................................................................................................ 38 2.3.2 Rangeland ..................................................................................................................... 38 2.4 Promising land (types, location, means of access) ............................................................... 39 2.4.1 Irrigated land - redistribution of land and water .......................................................... 39 2.4.2 Grazing land 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