Concurrences REVUE DES DROITS DE LA CONCURRENCE | COMPETITION LAW REVIEW Competition law and health crisis On-Topic l Concurrences N° 2-2020 www.concurrences.com Christian Ahlborn Valentine Delaloye David Kupka Partner Linklaters, London Teaching Assistant University Associate Willkie Farr & Gallagher, of Geneva Brussels Jeremy Bacharach PhD Candidate University of Jacques Derenne Siún O’Keeffe Geneva Partner Sheppard Mullin, Brussels Manager Academy Netherlands Professor University of Liège, Authority for Consumers and Christoph Barth Belgium & Brussels School Markets, The Hague Partner Linklaters, Düsseldorf of Competition Christian Ritz Christian Bovet David dos Santos-Goncalves Partner Hogan Lovells, Munich Professor University of Geneva Managing Associate Linklaters, Düsseldorf Cesare Rizza Marcel Boyer Counsel Cleary Gottlieb, Rome Emeritus Professor of David Gabathuler Economics University of Montréal Legal Consultant EU, Competition Matthias Schlau Associate Member Toulouse and Trade Law, Baker Botts, Associate Hogan Lovells, Munich School of Economics Brussels Mario Siragusa Jacques Buhart Mark Griffiths Senior Counsel Cleary Gottlieb, Partner McDermott, Will & Emery, Director Norton Rose Fulbright Rome Brussels and Paris Africa, Johannesburg Anastasia Usova María Pilar Canedo Leigh Hancher Partner Redcliffe Partners, Kyiv Arrillaga Senior Advisor Baker Botts, Professor of Law University Brussels Faustine Viala of Deusto, Bilbao Professor of European Law Partner Willkie Farr & Gallagher, Commissioner Competition Tilburg University Paris Chamber of CNMC, Madrid Professor of EU Energy Law Florence School of Regulation Masako Wakui Michele Carpagnano Professor of Law Kyoto University Partner Dentons, Rome David Henry Faculty of Law Professor Trento University Counsel McDermott, Will & Emery, Brussels Daniel A. Crane Dr. Pierre M. Horna Professor of Law University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Legal Affairs Official Competition and Consumer Policies Branch of Aymeric de Moncuit the UNCTAD Secretariat, Geneva Référendaire Frédéric Jenny Court of Justice of the European Professor of Economics ESSEC Union, Luxembourg Business School, Cergy Lecturer University Paris II Panthéon-Assas On-Topic Competition law and health crisis ABSTRACT The unexpected shock provoked by the Covid-19 crisis and the measures taken Le choc inattendu provoqué par la crise du Covid-19 et les mesures prises pour to limit the spread of the pandemic have affected the functioning of many limiter la propagation de la pandémie ont affecté le fonctionnement de nombreux markets. Throughout the world, competition authorities which, in the last decade, marchés. Partout dans le monde, les autorités de la concurrence qui, au cours had been enforcing their laws in the context of steady economic growth have had de la dernière décennie, avaient appliqué leurs lois dans le contexte to adjust their enforcement practices not only to the difficulties of running their d’une croissance économique régulière, ont dû adapter leurs pratiques non operations due to lockdowns but more importantly to adjust to collapsing seulement aux difficultés de gestion de leurs opérations résultant du confinement markets or markets for essential goods characterized by severe shortages, de leurs agents mais surtout à l’effondrement de la demande sur certains in a context of deep economic depression with many firms facing severe liquidity marchés et l’existence de graves pénuries de biens essentiels pour lutter contre constraints or even the threat of bankruptcy. Competition authorities have la pandémie sur d’autres marchés. Dans un contexte de profonde dépression responded to these extraordinarily brutal circumstances by adjusting their économique, de nombreuses entreprises sont confrontées à de graves enforcement priorities, exempting certain forms of cooperation, relaxing their contraintes de liquidité voire à la menace de faillite. Les autorités de la standards for efficiency defence, adopting emergency procedures, allowing state concurrence ont réagi à ces circonstances extraordinairement brutales en aids under certain conditions, accepting mergers because the target had all ajustant leurs priorités, en exemptant certaines formes de coopération, en of a sudden become a failing firm etc…. while at the same time insisting that assouplissant leurs standards en matière de gains d’efficience, en adoptant des these changes did not mean a weakening or an alteration of the competition law procédures d’urgence, en autorisant sous certaines formes des aides d’État, en principles that they previously followed. This set of articles describes in detail acceptant des concentrations au nom de la théorie de l’entreprise défaillante the responses of a number of competition authorities, analyzes the differences etc…. Simultanément, elles ont insisté sur le fait que ces changements ne in the responses of various governments and competition authorities signifiaient pas un affaiblissement ou une modification du droit de la to the Covid-19 crisis and discusses whether these responses imply a departure concurrence. Ce dossier décrit en détail les pratiques d’un certain nombre from the traditionally accepted goals and enforcement principles of competition. d’autorités de la concurrence, analyse les différences dans les réponses à la crise Covid-19 de divers gouvernements et autorités de la concurrence et examine si ces réponses impliquent une modification par rapport aux objectifs ou aux principes traditionnellement acceptés de mise en œuvre du droit de la concurrence Art. Intellectuelle). Personal use of this document is authorised within the limits Art. Intellectuelle and DRM protection. L. 335-2 Code de la Propriété L 122-5 Code de la Propriété Introduction Competition, open social democracy, Frédéric Jenny and the Covid-19 pandemic Professor of Economics ESSEC Business School, Cergy Marcel Boyer Emeritus Professor of Economics University of Montréal Associate Member Toulouse School of Economics Foreign investment lockdown Christian Ahlborn Partner Linklaters, London Covid-19 and EU merger control: Time to loosen the FFD straitjacket? Christoph Barth Partner Linklaters, Düsseldorf Jacques Buhart Partner McDermott, Will & Emery, Brussels and Paris David dos Santos-Goncalves Managing Associate Linklaters, Düsseldorf David Henry Counsel McDermott Will & Emery, Brussels Covid-19 and competition policy: A Swiss perspective Competition and Corona crisis: Some reflections from Spain Christian Bovet Professor University of Geneva with an advocacy perspective Jeremy Bacharach María Pilar Canedo Arrillaga PhD Candidate University of Geneva Professor of Law University of Deusto, Bilbao Commissioner Competition Chamber of CNMC, Madrid Valentine Delaloye Teaching Assistant University of Geneva Ce document est protégé au titre du droit d'auteur par les conventions internationales en vigueur et le Code de la propriété intellectuelle du 1er juillet 1992. Toute utilisation non autorisée constitue une contrefaçon, délit pénalement sanctionné jusqu'à 3 ans d'emprisonnement et 300 000 € d'amende (art. utilisation non autorisée constitue une contrefaçon, d'auteur par les conventions internationales intellectuelle du 1er juillet 1992. Toute du droit en vigueur et le Code de la propriété au titre Ce document est protégé by copyright laws and internationalNon-authorised use of this document pouvant accompagner ce document. This document is protected copyright treaties. personnelle est strictement autorisée dans les limites de l’article techniques de protection L. 122 5 CPI et des mesures L. 335-2 CPI). L’utilisation constitutes a violation of the publisher's rights and may be punished by up to 3 years imprisonment € 300 000 fine ( 2 Concurrences N° 2-2020 I On-Topic I Competition law and health crisis Foreign investment screening and Covid-19 Competition in a time of Corona: in Italy: Emergency room for new “Primum non nocere” protectionism? Siún O’Keeffe Manager ACM Academy Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Michele Carpagnano Markets, The Hague Partner Dentons, Rome Professor Trento University “Crisis Cartels” in times of Covid-19: Antitrust during (and especially after) Lessons from former crises teach a global pandemic a cautious approach Daniel A. Crane Christian Ritz Economics Frederick Paul Furth, Sr. Professor of Law University of Partner Hogan Lovells, Munich Michigan, Ann Arbor Matthias Schlau Associate Hogan Lovells, Munich How might the Covid-19 crisis change the dynamics of competition law? Two challenges posed by the economic Aymeric de Moncuit shock caused by Covid-19 to the level Référendaire Court of Justice of the European Union, Luxembourg playing field in the EU internal market: Lecturer University Paris II Panthéon-Assas The current State aid race and the risk of hostile takeovers by state-owned EU State aid control and Covid-19 companies from third countries outbreak: A first commentary Mario Siragusa Senior Counsel Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton, Rome Jacques Derenne Partner Sheppard Mullin, Brussels Cesare Rizza Professor University of Liège, Belgium & Brussels School of Competition Counsel Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton, Rome South Africa: Comprehensive package Investigations into price hikes of antitrust measures adopted in response and other responses by the Ukrainian to Covid-19 pandemic competition authority to the Covid-19 crisis Mark Griffiths Anastasia Usova Director Norton Rose Fulbright Africa, Johannesburg Partner and Head of the Antitrust practice Redcliffe Partners, Kyiv Art. Intellectuelle).