Histori c River Road Disclosure Under Title Vl of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the U.S. Department of the lnterior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or handicap in its federally assisted programs. lf you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office for Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the lnterior, P.O. Box37127, Washington, DC 20013. The activity that is the subject of this publication has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, Department of the lnterior, as provided through the Oregon State Historic Preservation Office. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the view of policies of the Department of the lnterior, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the lnterior. Front Cover: A cow at a gas station on River Road taken during the January 1946 flood. Superimposed over a c.1885 cadastral map. Photo courtesy of Lane County Historical Museum (GN2o52). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Eugene's Historic River Road was researched and prepared by Bernadette Niederer, Caitlin Harvey, Sally Wright and David Pinyerd of Historic Preservation Northwest, a local historic preservation consulting firm, in conjunction with the City of Eugene Planning and Development Department staff. The Context presents an overview of Eugenets River Road area and is intended to provide a broad understanding of the neighborhood's growth and development. The document also identifies the type and likely location of historic resources in the neighborhood. Thanks go to Rob Handy and the Board of the River Road Community Organization for their assistance and dedication to River Road's history. Special thanks to Mike Sims for your tremendous assistance on this project. Thank you to the staff and volunteers at the Lane County Historical Museum, especially to Cheryl Rosse, who assisted in the search of the photograph collection and newspaper Aerial view of ftooding in the River Road area. Photo couftesy of Lane County Historical Museum (GN6684). clipping files and who provided requested images. Much appreciation to Kathleen Allison at the 4J School District for her help on the education chapter. Thanks also go to City staff, Ken Guzowski, senior planner for historic preservation, and Adam Tyler, project intern, for their contributions to this project. A special thanks to all the senior citizens and the Emerald Park District for encouraging us to learn more about local history. ln addition, thank you to the Eugene Historic Review Board for its support of this project and for their contributions to the development of the goals and objectives stated herein. November 2005 Eugene's River Road: Acknowledgments PREFACE Eugene's Historic River Road is the culmination of an eight-month collaboration between Historic Preservation Northwest, the staff of the Eugene Planning and Development Department, and members of the public. Since history is a process, this context statement must be seen as a "work in progress," periodically reviewed, corrected, and made current. lt is a product that we hope will help us all to appreciate and evaluate the resources in Eugene's River Road neighborhood. Eugene Historic Review Board (as of October 2005) Gunnar Schlieder, Chair Karen Seidel, Vice Chair Kip Amend Richard Dannemiller Richard Duncan, Planning Commíssioner Nancy McFadden Christine Taylor Thompson For fu rther information Ken Guzowski Eugene Planning and Development Department 99 West 1Oth Avenue Eugene OR 97401-3038 541-682-5562 Ken. [email protected]. us November 2005 Eugene's River Road: Preface TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1.1 Historic Context Definitions 1.2 LANDSCAPE .....2.1 Pre-Euro-AmericanSettlement... ".2.2 SettlementPatterns '. ' - -2'3 NeighboringCommunities -. - ' '2.4 LandscapeEndnotes... ...-.2'10 TRANSPORTATIONANDCOMMUNICATION ....3.1 Stagelines '.....3.1 Steamboats ......3.3 Railroads ...3.3 Automobiles.. ..'.3'5 Transpottation Endnotes ..... 3.11 AGRICULTURE ...4.1 PioneerAgriculture - - ' ' ' 4.1 lndustrial-scaleAgriculture . ' ' -4'2 Commercial Agriculture ..4'2 Orchardsand RowCrops - - -...4.3 Dairies .'-.'4'4 Social and Professional Organizations. '. -.4"5 Suburbanization . " 4.5 AgricultureEndnotes... --""4-7 RESIDENTIAL ....5.1 Residential Endnotes . ' ' "5'7 COMMERCE&INDUSTRY ....6.1 Agriculture . ' 6.2 AlongMajorRoads .....6.3 ParallelswithResidential Developmen!.. ."6.4 CommerceEndnotes... ..... ..'...6.7 GOVERNMENT ...7.1 WaterDepartment.. ...'7.1 FireDepartment ..'7-2 GovernmentEndnotes.. '.'.'-7-3 November 2005 Eugene's River Road: Table of Contents Iil EDUCATION.. ....8.1 i. in:i,',if:;l;åit": :: ::::: : ...:::: ::: ?,'1 CULTURALGROUPS ...9.1 NativeAmerican ...9.1 Euro-American. ...9.3 African-American . .9.4 Dane ......9.5 Asian ......9.6 Hispanic ....9.7 CultureEndnotes ..9.8 RELIGION&FUNERARY ....10.1 Churches . 10.1 Cemeteries.. ..... .. 10.3 Religion Endnotes .....10.4 RECREATION&SOCIETY ...11.1 Social Groupsand Clubs .....11.2 NeighborhoodGroups ..11.3 Parks .....11.4 Radio ..... 11.5 Telephone&Telegraph .11.5 Television . 11.5 RecreationEndnotes ...11.6 IDENTIFICATION OF RESOURCES . 12.1 Previous ldentification and Designation of Resources . 12.1 Distributionof Resources. ....12.3 Typesof Resources ...12.3 ldentificationEndnotes.. ....12.15 EVALUATIONOFRESOURCES.. ..13.1 Signifícance .....13.1 lntegrity and Condition . 13.2 Ranking ...13.2 TREATMENTSTRATEGIES ..14.1 Historic Preservation Purpose Statement . 14.1 StrategiesforEugene'sHistoricPreservationProgram .. ..... 14.1 EducationandPubliclnvolvement... .....14.2 Support for Historic Preservation Program Activities . 14.3 Preservation Planning ..14.4 Preservation lncentives . 14.6 RegulationsAffecting HistoricPreservation .. ....14.7 HistoricDesignation... .14.8 November 2005 Eugene's River Road: Table of Contents tv Cultural Resource SurveYs 14.9 INTEGRATION AND FUTURE . 15.1 Goals and Priorities 15.1 ldentifying Considerations 15.1 Strategies 15.2 lntegration 15.3 Connection with Other Plans 15.4 Connection with Other Historic Contexts 15.4 Related Future Studies 15.5 BIBLIOGRAPHY 16.1 APPENDIXES 17.1 Appendix A: Agricultural Resource Types - - 17 '2 Appendix B: Sample of Eugene's River Road Resources . ' . ' - 17.3 November 2005 Eugene's River Road: Table of Contents INTRODUGTION A historic context statement is a document used for strategic planning of a community's historic resources. lt describes the broad patterns of historic growth and development of the community and helps to ascertain the historical themes, events, and associated individuals that have played an important role in that development. A context statement also helps to identify historic resource types, such as structures, sites, objects, and districts, that represent these patterns of development. lt also helps determine the potential distribution of these resources. Just as importantly, the document provides guidance for evaluating and protecting significant historic resources. lt is intended to be a dynamic document, evolving over time as community needs and desires change. Eugene's Historic River Road is a context statement written in 2005 by Bernadette Niederer, Caitlin Harvey, Sally Wright and David Pinyerd of Historic Preservation Northwest, a local historic preservation consulting firm. The historic context is a geographically-oriented study that covers Eugene' River Road neighborhood. lt is intended to assist in the preparation of city and county policies pertaining to the identification and protection of historic resources in Hop barn in the area. the River Road area. Demolished. Photo couñesy of Lane County Historical Museum (GN2053) The National Park Service developed context-based planning as a means of organizing activities for preserving historic resources. Such planning is based on the following four principles: 1. Significant historic properties are unique and irreplaceable. 2. Preservation must often go forward without complete information. 3. History belongs to everyone. 4. Planning can be applied at any scale. This project was fínanced in part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, a division of the U.S. Department of the lnterior, and was administered by the Oregon State Historic Preservation Office. All work was completed in accordance with the Secretary of the lnterior's Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservation. November 2005 Eugene's River Road: Introduction 1.1 Historic Gontext Definitions Determining what is to be studied is an important first step in understanding a historic context and helps keep the research focused. The three elements used to determine the parameters of a historic context are theme, time, and place. Theme The theme of the context statement identifies what is to be studied. This can vary in scale from an entire community to a significant historic trend, such as the college fraternal movement, or to a single resource type, such as schools. This context is a geographically-based study, as it covers the River Road neighborhood. Significant ãctiv¡ties, events and people are discussed within the context sub-themes, which includes Transportation, Government, Residential Development, Commercial Development, Education, and Religion. Time The time boundary of a historic context establishes the dates that bracket