Typology Problems for use with Typology and Universals, second edition (Cambridge University Press, 2003) William Croft Introduction ......................................................................................................................3 Aghem ..............................................................................................................................5 AkOOse .............................................................................................................................6 Barasano ...........................................................................................................................7 Bashkir .............................................................................................................................8 Big Nambas ......................................................................................................................12 Cavineña ..........................................................................................................................13 Coast Tsimshian ...............................................................................................................20 Dumi ................................................................................................................................21 Epena Pedee .....................................................................................................................23 Fante .................................................................................................................................25 Finnish .............................................................................................................................34 Guaraní .............................................................................................................................35 Hopi..................................................................................................................................36 Hua ...................................................................................................................................38 Jamsay ..............................................................................................................................39 Kanuri ..............................................................................................................................42 Kharia ...............................................................................................................................43 K’iche’ .............................................................................................................................45 Kisi ...................................................................................................................................46 Kryz ..................................................................................................................................50 Kuku Yalanji ....................................................................................................................53 Lango ...............................................................................................................................55 Lenakel .............................................................................................................................57 Limbu ...............................................................................................................................58 Lummi ..............................................................................................................................60 Lushootseed .....................................................................................................................61 Mali (Baining) ..................................................................................................................62 Mam .................................................................................................................................64 Mangap-Mbula .................................................................................................................66 Maung ..............................................................................................................................72 Mavea ...............................................................................................................................74 Maybrat ............................................................................................................................76 Mina .................................................................................................................................77 Mingrelian ........................................................................................................................81 Minor Mlabri ....................................................................................................................83 Miya .................................................................................................................................85 Mosetén ............................................................................................................................87 1 Mundari ............................................................................................................................90 Mupun ..............................................................................................................................92 Musqueam ........................................................................................................................93 Ngalakan ..........................................................................................................................95 Osage ................................................................................................................................96 Paamese ............................................................................................................................98 Pendau ..............................................................................................................................100 Semelai .............................................................................................................................103 Sougb (Manikion) ............................................................................................................104 Southeastern Tepehuan ....................................................................................................105 Southwestern Ojibwe .......................................................................................................106 Sunwar .............................................................................................................................108 Tauya ................................................................................................................................109 Ts’amakko ........................................................................................................................111 Tswana .............................................................................................................................113 Upriver Halkomelem .......................................................................................................114 Vai ....................................................................................................................................115 Waskia ..............................................................................................................................116 Yagaria .............................................................................................................................118 Yagua ...............................................................................................................................121 Yapese ..............................................................................................................................123 Yessan-Mayo ...................................................................................................................124 Yoruba ..............................................................................................................................125 Yoruba/Igbo/Akan ...........................................................................................................126 Yurok ...............................................................................................................................128 Zayse ................................................................................................................................129 2 Introduction These problems are to be used with William Croft, Typology and universals, second edition (Cambridge University Press, 2003). Problems are organized in alphabetical order by language name. There are often multiple problems associated with each language, numbered in the list below. The problems are indexed by problem type and difficulty below. All examples are from reference grammars. Abbreviations follow those described in Typology and universals, pp. xix-xxiii; other abbreviations are given in the problems. Word and Affix Order Easy: Fante 1-2; Maung 1; Minor Mlabri 2; Southwestern Ojibwe 1-3; Waskia 1; Zayse 1, 2 Hard: AkOOse 1; Coast Tsimshian 1-2; Dumi 1; Kisi 1; Kuku Yalanji 1-3; Maung 2; Mingrelian 1; Minor Mlabri 1-2; Osage 1; Southeastern Tepehuan 2; Southwestern Ojibwe 4; Sunwar 1; Ts’amakko 1-2; Yagua 1-2 Typological Markedness,