A propeller model for the s01*luminous accretion disk state of transitional millisecond pulsars Alessandro Papitto (INAF OAR) Diego Torres (ICE) Enrico Bozzo (ISDC) Domitilla de Martino (INAF OAC) Carlo Ferrigno (ISDC) Nanda Rea (ICE) !"#"$%&' ( )*ray Uni-erse 2017 - Roma Millisecond Pulsars * 3ea2l+ magnetized * o.ten .ound in globular clusters → old s+stems * o.ten in binaries Recycled low-mass X-ray binaries 5Bac2er6&7!$8 Alpar6&7!$9 ) swin ing millisecond pulsar in M2* pulsar ing millisecond swin ) lo !X-ray luminosity" #er $s% Papitto et Natureal. 2013, Papitto $ : : : ; : < : # : ' : Apr 1 Apr 15 May 1 Apr 1 May 15 X-ray PSR Radio PSR Radio $%&:9 5Papitto6 % &% & &% lo !radio pulsed &u'" #μ(y% Rotation po3ered po3ered Rotation Xray PSR Xray accretion po3ered accretion Radio PSR Radio ass in*=o3 rate State transitions to a sub-luminous disk state ?i6 $%&< PSR J1023+0038 (Archibald+ 2009, Stappers+ 2014) XSS >&$$'0-4859 (de Martino+ 2011, 2013, Bassa+ 2014, Ro++2015) X-ray properties :: ?)A<B&% ergCs for 5-10 years Intermediate 1et3een outburst (&%:#*:' erg/s) and quiescence (&%:&*:$ erg/s) )*ra+ moding on A10s timescales PSR >&%$:6%%:! 5Papitto+ $%&'8 in prep"9 ,i - Mode .ow Mode /larin XSS >&$$'%*;!<7 5De artino6 $%&&9 IGR >&!$;<*$;<$ 5Papitto+ $%&:8 ?inares6 $%&:9 0oherent X-ray pulsations )SS >&$$'%*;!59 5Papitto6 $%&<8 NRAS] Accretion onto hotspots Pulsations seen onl+ in the -i - mode PSR >&%$:6%%:8 5Archi1ald6 $%&<8 Ap>9 1he faintest X-ray pulsators RCO RIN RNS ass in-fo3 rate in the dis2 must 1e A<%*&%% times larger than accretion rate on t/e sur.ace 7<E dis2 mass ejected? 5Papitto6 $%&<8 NRAS] Propeller ejection - ?ow )*ra+ luminosit+ - Partial accretion produces X-ra+ pulsations, as descri1ed also 1+ MHD sim0lations 5?ii8 Romano-a+ $%&;9 Radio-brig-t accreting neutron stars Sν (&%@Hz) ~ 0.05-0.5 m>+ Flat spectral s/ape BH*li2e 1rightness Courtes+ of D" de artino 1he first low-mass amma-ray binaries Gamma-ra+ 1righter w/en in the accretion dis2 state ?(gamma-ra+s)A&%::*:; erg/s A ?()*ra+s) 5Stappers6 $%&;8 Torres8 Papitto+ $%&'9 5amma-rays unveil transitional ms pulsars ?ook .or t+pical optical and )ra+ -ariabilit+ compatible 3ith Fermi ?AT error circle :F@? >&<;;"#*&&$< 5Bogdanov6 $%&<9 :F@? >%;$'"7*#'%; 5Strader6 $%&#9 & more to come % Particle acceleration from propellering magnetosphere Ecut A .ew @eJ → magnetospheric origin? (but matter is =o3ing in) → charge accelerated at the turbulent propeller dis2*magnetospheric inter.ace Strong magnetic field (&%# @) in relati-el+ small (A.e3 tens of 2m) environment → sync-rotron (up to eV) → sel2-sync-ro 0ompton (up to @eV) Good modelling .or Rin A 2 Rco Papitto I Torres 2015, Ap> Papitto, Torres8 Li, 2014, MNRAS % State transitions yield X-ray modin 7 ,i - Mode .ow Mode propeller and partial accretion radio pulsar t0rning on? Campana8 Coti Lelati, Papitto6 $%&6 (see also ?inares $%&;) Spin down in the disk state PSR J1023+003* Spin do3n rate A:%E times larger than in radio pulsar state 5>aodand+ $%&<9 → limited eMect of accretion torques → ongoing ) )*ra+ timing campaign 5PIN >aodand, Papitto8 Campana9 % 1he three states of transitional ms pulsars ?5)*ra+s9 (erg/s) )ccretion powered state :# &% X-ray pulsations &%:< &%:; Sub-luminous dis+ state Propeller ejectionG :: &% Propeller Ejection &%:$ Rotation powered state &%:& Radio/gamma-ra+ pulsations undetected &%:: &%:; ?5g*ra+s9 (erg/s) 9pen questions P/+sical mec/anisms operating in the sub-l0minous disk state - Accretion, ejection or bot/G - Does a radio pulsar turns onG Onl+ during low states? Accretion and ejection coupling from -aria1ilit+ at all wa-elengths (correlations, lags?) → multi 3a-elengt/ campaignN radio, IR, optical8 UJ, )*ra+s 5PI: Jaodand, Papitto, Campana, de Martino] """sta+ t0nedO ) long list of people to thank N" Rea8 D" Torres8 >" ?i, E"De OPa Qilhelmi (ICE8 CSIC-IEEC Barcelona), E" Bozzo, C. Ferrigno8 ?" Pa-an (ISDC @enR-e), ?" B0rderi, A" Riggio (Univ" o. Cagliari), T" Di Salvo (Univ" o. Palermo), S" Campana8 P" DSA-anzo (INAF OA Brera), ?" Stella (INAF OA Roma), P" Romano (INAF IASF Palermo), C. Pallanca (Univ" of Bologna), T" Ta0ris (Univ" of Bonn), >" Hessels (ASTRON8 ,niv" Amsterdam), S" Ransom (NRAO), P" Freire (MPI.R Bonn), " Falanga (ISSI Bern8 ISSI Beijing), I" H" Stairs8 " D" Filipo-ic8 >" " Sarkissian8 "H" Wieringa8 @" F. Qong (ATNF), D" De Martino (INAF OA Napoli), T" " Belloni (INAF OA Brera), " B0rga+8 A" Possenti, A" Pellizzioni (INAF OA Cagliari) 9ptical/U< variability Flares concurrent to )ra+s ,V light .rom reprocessing of the )*ra+ emission oding seen in the optical 5de artino6 $%&:8 Shahbaz+ $%&<9 5De artino, Papitto+ $%&:8 Bogdano-6 $%&<9.