FEEDER ROADS PROJECT ZAMBÉZIA: FOLLOW‐UP ASSESSMENT SCDS Mozambique (membro do Grupo Norconsult) Gaye Thompson, Cecília Pedro DECEMBER 2012 Feeder Roads Project Zambézia: Follow-Up Assessment 2012 This project was funded by the Africa Community Access Programme (AFCAP) which promotes safe and sustainable access to markets, healthcare, education, employment and social and political networks for rural communities in Africa. Launched in June 2008 and managed by Crown Agents, the five year‐long, UK government (DFID) funded project, supports research and knowledge sharing between participating countries to enhance the uptake of low cost, proven solutions for rural access that maximise the use of local resources. The programme is currently active in Ethiopia, Kenya, Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, South Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo and South Sudan and is developing relationships with a number of other countries and regional organisations across Africa. This material has been funded by UKaid from the Department for International Development, however 2 | Page Feeder Roads Project Zambézia: Follow-Up Assessment 2012 Table of contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 9 1 SUMMARY OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................ 11 2 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 14 2.1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................................ 14 2.2 ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................. 14 2.3 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ............................................................................................................................... 15 3 OVERVIEW OF THE ZAMBÉZIA FEEDER ROADS PROJECT .............................................................................. 16 3.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................................................................... 16 3.2 SOCIO‐ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMMUNITIES SERVED BY THE ROADS ...................................................... 16 3.3 MAIN IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT IDENTIFIED IN 2001 ............................................................................................. 17 4 THE 2012 ASSESSMENT APPROACH ............................................................................................................. 19 4.1 OVERVIEW AND RATIONALE .............................................................................................................................. 19 4.2 ASSESSMENT METHODS ................................................................................................................................... 24 4.2.1 Activities ................................................................................................................................................. 24 4.2.2 Tools ...................................................................................................................................................... 27 4.2.3 Women’s Perspectives of the Project ..................................................................................................... 29 4.3 KEY INDICATORS OF CHANGE .............................................................................................................................. 29 4.3.1 Role of the road in the regional road network ....................................................................................... 29 4.3.2 Settlement pattern ................................................................................................................................. 29 4.3.3 Trade and markets ................................................................................................................................. 29 4.3.4 Income and economic development ...................................................................................................... 30 3 | Page Feeder Roads Project Zambézia: Follow-Up Assessment 2012 4.3.5 Access to goods and services ................................................................................................................. 30 4.3.6 Traffic ..................................................................................................................................................... 30 4.3.7 Women´s involvement ........................................................................................................................... 30 4.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE ASSESSMENT ...................................................................................................................... 31 5 CONTEXT ..................................................................................................................................................... 33 5.1 REFORMS IN ADMINISTRATION AND REPRESENTATION ............................................................................................ 33 5.2 MAIN DEVELOPMENT POLICIES ........................................................................................................................... 34 5.2.1 Food production ..................................................................................................................................... 34 5.2.2 Agriculture and rural development ........................................................................................................ 35 5.2.3 Marketing .............................................................................................................................................. 35 5.2.4 Participation in local development ........................................................................................................ 35 6 CHANGES IN THE SOCIO‐ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CASE STUDY ROADS ......................................... 36 6.1 TRADE AND MARKETS ....................................................................................................................................... 36 6.1.1 Trade and markets per road .................................................................................................................. 36 6.1.2 Agriculture and sales of crops ................................................................................................................ 40 6.1.3 Revenue from the sales of crops ............................................................................................................ 43 6.1.4 Animals and the trade in animals .......................................................................................................... 45 6.1.5 Markets and marketing of crops and livestock ...................................................................................... 47 6.2 INCOME AND INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES ...................................................................................................... 48 6.3 ACCESS TO GOODS AND SERVICES ....................................................................................................................... 51 6.3.1 Changes in infrastructure by road.......................................................................................................... 51 6.3.2 Access to services at the household level ............................................................................................... 68 6.3.3 Access to Modern Production Technologies .......................................................................................... 70 6.3.4 Access to knowledge about STI/HIV‐AIDS .............................................................................................. 71 6.3.5 Access to basic essentials and durable goods ........................................................................................ 72 6.3.6 Access to land ........................................................................................................................................ 75 4 | Page Feeder Roads Project Zambézia: Follow-Up Assessment 2012 6.3.7 Access to other resources ...................................................................................................................... 77 6.4 AGENCIES OF CHANGE ...................................................................................................................................... 78 6.5 TRAFFIC ......................................................................................................................................................... 81 6.5.1 Road Profile 1: N 321 Mocuba‐Nipalaga ............................................................................................... 84 6.5.2 Road Profile 2: Unclassified Bive‐Maganja ............................................................................................ 84 6.5.3 Road Profile 3: R 652 Alto Benfica‐Derre ............................................................................................... 85 6.5.4 Road Profile 4: R 1114 Mugulama‐Ile .................................................................................................... 85 6.5.5 Road Profile 5: R 656 Mocubela‐Bajone ...............................................................................................