INSIGHTSIAS SIMPLYFYING IAS EXAM PREPARATION OFFLINE Centres at BENGALURU | DELHI | HYDERABAD INSTA Revision Plan 3.0 - 2020 INSTA Tests DAYS 9 to 12 SOLUTIONS For more visit: www.INSIGHTSONINDIA.com Copyright © by Insights IAS All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of Insights IAS. INSIGHTSIAS SIMPLYFYING IAS EXAM PREPARATION DAY – 9 1. Consider the following statements regarding Aitchison Committee 1. It recommended holding of simultaneous examination in India and England. 2. It recommended reducing the age limit for civil service to 21. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Solution: D The Indian National Congress raised the demand, after it was set up in 1885, for lowering of age limit for recruitment, and holding the examination simultaneously in India and Britain. The Aitchison Committee on Public Services (1886), set up by Dufferin, recommended— 1. dropping of the terms ‘covenanted’ and ‘uncovenanted’; 2. classification of the civil service into Imperial Indian Civil Service (examination in England), Provincial Civil Service (examination in India) and Subordinate Civil Service (examination in India); and, 3. raising the age limit to 23. Montford Reforms (1919) The Montford reforms— • stated a realistic policy— “If a responsible government is to be established in India, the more Indians we can employ in public service, the better.” • recommended holding of simultaneous examination in India and England. • recommended that one-third of recruitments be made in India itself—to be raised annually by 1.5 per cent. 2. Consider the following statements regarding features of Subsidiary Alliance 1. The state was forbidden to have any political contact even with other Indian powers without the permission of the British. www.insightsonindia.com 1 INSTA Revision 3.0 INSIGHTSIAS SIMPLYFYING IAS EXAM PREPARATION 2. The paramount power should not interfere in the internal affairs of the protected state. 3. The ruler of the protected state should keep a British Resident at his court and disband his own army. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Solution: D The Subsidiary System • The predecessors of Wellesley concluded alliances with Indian princes like the Nawab of Oudh and the Nizam of Hyderabad. They received subsidies from the Indian rulers for the maintenance of British troops, which were used for the protection of respective Indian states. • Wellesley enlarged and consolidated the already existing system. However, his originality was revealed in its application. Main Features of Subsidiary Alliance • Any Indian ruler who entered into the subsidiary alliance with the British had to maintain a contingent of British troops in his territory. It was commanded by a British officer. The Indian state was called ‘the protected state’ and the British hereinafter were referred to as ‘the paramount power’. It was the duty of the British to safeguard that state from external aggression and to help its ruler maintain internal peace. The protected state should give some money or give part of its territory to the British to support the subsidiary force. • The protected state should cut off its connection with European powers other than the English and with the French in particular. The state was also forbidden to have any political contact even with other Indian powers without the permission of the British. • The ruler of the protected state should keep a British Resident at his court and disband his own army. He should not employ Europeans in his service without the sanction of the paramount power. • The paramount power should not interfere in the internal affairs of the protected state. 3. Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) has been released by (a) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) www.insightsonindia.com 2 INSTA Revision 3.0 INSIGHTSIAS SIMPLYFYING IAS EXAM PREPARATION (b) Germanwatch (c) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (d) United Nations Environment Programme Solution: B Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI): • Designed by the German environmental and development organisation Germanwatch. • Published in cooperation with the New Climate Institute and Climate Action Network International and with financial support from Barthel Foundation. • Objective: To enhance transparency in international climate politics. • First published in 2005 and an updated version is presented at the UN Climate Change Conference annually. • In 2017, the underlying methodology of the CCPI was revised and adapted to the new climate policy framework of the Paris Agreement from 2015. The CCPI was extended in order to include the measurement of a country’s progress towards the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the country’s 2030 targets. www.insightsonindia.com 3 INSTA Revision 3.0 INSIGHTSIAS SIMPLYFYING IAS EXAM PREPARATION 4. Consider the following statements regarding features of the Permanent Settlement 1. The zamindars of Bengal were recognized as the owners of land as long as they paid the revenue. 2. This settlement did not take away the traditional administrative and judicial functions of the zamindars. 3. The amount of revenue that the zamindars had to pay to the Company was firmly fixed. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Solution: B The Permanent Settlement Lord Cornwallis’ most conspicuous administrative measure was the Permanent Land Revenue Settlement of Bengal, which was extended to the provinces of Bihar and Orissa. It is appropriate to recall that Warren Hastings introduced the annual lease system of auctioning the land to the highest bidder. It created chaos in the revenue administration. Lord Cornwallis for over three years and after a prolonged discussion with his colleagues like Sir John Shore and James Grant he decided to abolish the annual lease system and introduce a decennial (Ten years) settlement which was subsequently declared to be continuous. The main features of the Permanent Settlement were as follows: (i) The zamindars of Bengal were recognized as the owners of land as long as they paid the revenue to the East India Company regularly. (ii) The amount of revenue that the zamindars had to pay to the Company was firmly fixed and would not be raised under any circumstances. In other words the Government of the East India Company got 89% leaving the rest to the zamindars. (iii) The ryots became tenants since they were considered the tillers of the soil. (iv) This settlement took away the administrative and judicial functions of the zamindars. www.insightsonindia.com 4 INSTA Revision 3.0 INSIGHTSIAS SIMPLYFYING IAS EXAM PREPARATION 5. Consider the following statements regarding Mudiyettu 1. It is a ritualistic dance drama from West Bengal. 2. It is based on the mythological tale of a battle between the goddess Kali and the demon Darika. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Solution: B Mudiyettu • Mudiyettu is a ritual dance drama from Kerala based on the mythological tale of a battle between the goddess Kali and the demon Darika. • It is a community ritual in which the entire village participates. After the summer crops have been harvested, the villagers reach the temple in the early morning on an appointed day • Mudiyettu performers purify themselves through fasting and prayer, then draw a huge image of goddess Kali, called as kalam, on the temple floor with coloured powders, wherein the spirit of the goddess is invoked. 6. Consider the following statements regarding Famine Policy of British 1. The first Famine Commission under Sir Richard Strachey was appointed. 2. The Famine Code came into existence in 1883. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Solution: C www.insightsonindia.com 5 INSTA Revision 3.0 INSIGHTSIAS SIMPLYFYING IAS EXAM PREPARATION Famine Policy • The famine of 1876-78 had resulted from the failure of two monsoons. It covered an area of two lakh fifty thousand square miles and affected fifty-eight million people. The worst affected areas were Madras, Mysore, Hyderabad, Bombay, Central India and the Punjab. • It took a toll of five million lives in a single year. The outbreak of cholera and fever added to the misery of the suffering population. Lytton’s Government failed miserably to tackle the situation. The government’s relief measures seemed to be inadequate. The first Famine Commission (1878-80) under Sir Richard Strachey was appointed and it made many commendable recommendations. They include provision of funds for famine relief and construction work in the annual budget. The Famine Code came into existence in 1883. 7. Consider the following statements regarding Cornwallis Code 1. There was a separation of revenue and justice administration. 2. The principle of sovereignty of law was established. 3. European subjects were not brought under jurisdiction and had considerable independence. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Solution: A The Cornwallis Code was laid out— — There was a separation of revenue and justice administration. — European subjects were also brought under jurisdiction. — Government officials were answerable to the civil courts for actions done in their official capacity. — The principle of sovereignty of law was established. 8. Consider the following statements regarding Sarus crane 1. It is the tallest flying bird in the world.