Rethinking South Africa’s Development Path: Reflections on the ANC’s Policy Conference Discussion Documents Edited by Omano Edigheji Special edition of Policy: issues & actors Vol 20 no 10 Policy: issues & actors Vol 20 no 10 Rethinking South Africa’s Development Path: Reflections on the ANC’s Policy Conference Discussion Documents Edited by Dr Omano Edigheji Centre for Policy Studies Johannesburg June 2007 Copyright © Centre for Policy Studies 2 Rethinking South Africa’s Development Path The Centre for Policy Studies is an independent research institution, incorporated as an association not for gain under Section 21 of the Companies Act. Centre for Policy Studies 1st Floor Rosepark South, 6 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa P O Box 1933 Parklands 2121 Johannesburg, South Africa Tel +27 11 442-2666 Fax +27 11 442-2677 e-mail: portia@cps.org.za www.cps.org.za This paper has been funded by the Friedrich Ebert Foundation, whose generous support and insight, we gratefully acknowledge ISBN - 978-1-919708-85-0 3 Rethinking South Africa’s Development Path TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 Preface and Acknowledgments 7 About The Contributors 8 Chapter 1: Rethinking South Africa’s development path 10 Dr Omano Edigheji PART ONE: Building A National Democratic Society (Strategy and Tactics 22 of the ANC) Chapter 2: A strategy and tactics: what of ideology and who are the motive 23 forces? Ebrahim Fakir Chapter 3: The end of history is over 32 Michael Sachs PART TWO: A Strategic Agenda for Organisational Renewal 43 Chapter 4: Toward an agenda for a new organizational culture and tradition 44 Aubrey Matshiqi Chapter 5: A strategic agenda for organisational renewal: much ado about 50 nothing Prof Sipho Seepe PART THREE: Economic Transformation 55 Chapter 6: Expanding human capabilities as a strategy of economic 56 transformation: a 21st century agenda for the developmental state Prof Peter Evans Chapter 7: Towards a comprehensive economic framework for South Africa 62 Dr Christopher Malikane Chapter 8: Economic policy in the era of liberation: ANC economic 75 transformation policy proposals Oupa Bodibe Chapter 9: Industrial policy for economic development proposals 81 Dr Seeraj Mohamed Chapter 10: The 'social pact': a thin conception of democratic participation 86 Prof Devan Pillay Chapter 11: Developing an appropriate macroeconomic policy framework for 93 socio-economic transformation Kenneth Creamer 4 Rethinking South Africa’s Development Path PART FOUR: Social Transformation 98 Chapter 12: Getting back to basics: a review of the ANC’s social transformation 99 policy discussion document Hein Marais Chapter 13 : Social transformation: what happened to the people? 107 Graeme Bloch Chapter 14: Beyond the impasse: youth as agents of social transformation 113 Lebogang Mokwena PART FIVE: Legislature and Governance 120 Chapter15: The future of the legislature & governance in South Africa 121 Richard Calland PART SIX: Transformation of the Judicial System 125 Chapter 16: The courts and the judiciary: challenges for the developmental 126 state and the national democratic revolution Prof Shadrack Gutto PART SEVEN: Transformation of the Media 132 Chapter 17: The ANC and the Fourth Estate 133 Mathatha Tsedu Chapter 18: Trajectories of ANC media policy, 1992 - 2007: complementarities 137 or contradictions? Prof Anton Harber Chapter 19: Media and development: towards a development journalism 143 editorial policy framework for the SABC Prof Fackson Banda PART EIGHT: The RDP of the Soul 149 Chapter 20: The RDP of the soul: building a character of positive values 150 Dr Charles Villa-Vicencio Chapter 21: Ubuntu as the RDP of the soul 154 Dr Mathole Motshekga PART NINE : Peace and Stability 159 Chapter 22: Arresting entropy; enabling new synthesis 160 Dr Kwandi Kondlo Chapter 23: Community Police Forums 165 Anthony Altbeker 5 Rethinking South Africa’s Development Path PART TEN : Revolutionary Morality: The ANC and Business 168 Chapter 24: Getting to grips with revolutionary morality in the context of a 169 capitalist economy Judith February PART ELEVEN : Role of the Working Class and Organised Labour in 182 Advancing the National Democratic Revolution Chapter 25: Organisational strategies for advancing the national democratic 183 revolution Prof Adam Habib Chapter 26: When will the real dialogue begin? 190 Jan Theron PART TWELVE : Challenges and Opportunities facing Workers and 193 Unions: The Role of the ANC Chapter 27: Labour in the era of globalisation 194 Prof Edward Webster PART THIRTEEN : International Policy: A Just World and a Better 199 Africa is a Possibility Chapter 28: International policy and the African and South agendas 200 Prof Chris Landsberg Chapter 29: Confronting a changing global context: what role for South Africa? 207 Dr Garth le Pere 6 Rethinking South Africa’s Development Path Preface and Acknowledgements This publication is a critique of the set of discussion documents released by the African National Congress [ANC] in preparation for its Policy Conference at the end of June and its Congress in December 2007. The purpose of the publication is to facilitate national debate and dialogue on the discussion documents as part of the Centre for Policy Studies [CPS] contribution to strengthening South Africa’s democracy. In addition, through this publication, we hope to contribute to public policy that will meet the needs of South Africa’s democracy and development. This includes meeting basic needs, reducing poverty and inequality, creating jobs, growing the economy, promoting freedom of thought and discourse, and strengthening its governance institutions. Specifically, the publication aims to: • facilitate and generate a national dialogue and debate around the ANC discussion documents; • facilitate citizen involvement in the evolution of public policy through discussion generated by the publication; • influence the policy of the ANC - and subsequently government policy; and • assist the ANC to fashion policies that will enable the ANC government to be responsive to the real needs of all South Africans. It is based on contributions by over 20 leading South African academics and policy analysts, as well as one of the one leading authorities on the “Role of the State in Development”, Professor Peter Evans of the University of California, Berkeley, USA. I would like to thank a number of people who have made this publication possible. I should express my profound gratitude to my colleagues in the CPS Management, namely Professor Chris Landsberg, Shaun Mackay and Stella Tshona, who showed unstinting support for this initiative from its very inception. I would also like to thank a number of my colleagues who worked long hours to ensure the production of this publication. They include Shaun Mackay for his excellent copy editing, Lebogang Mokwena for her dedication and unparalleled research support and Martin Ngobeni who had spent a sleepless night to ensure that it was printed on time. I would like to thank Naomi Moloisane for logistical support. Also, a special word of thanks is due to the various authors of the chapters that make up this publication. Without them, this publication would not have seen the light of day. Lastly, on behalf of CPS, I would like to thank the Friedrich Ebert Foundation for providing the financial support that made this publication possible. Dr Omano Edigheji, Research Manager, Centre for Policy Studies, Johannesburg, 18 June 2008. 7 Rethinking South Africa’s Development Path ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS Antony Altbeker worked for the first Minister for Safety and Security between 1994 and 1998. He is the author of The Dirty Work of Democracy: A year on the streets with the SAPS. His next book, A Country at War with Itself: Crime and policing in a half-made land, will be out in August. Professor Fackson Banda , is Acting Head of School of Journalism & Media Studies, SAB- UNESCO Chair of Media and Democracy, School of Journalism and Media Studies, Rhodes University. Graeme Bloch is a former UDF executive member and currently Education Specialist, Development Bank of Southern Africa DBSA. Oupa Bodibe is the Executive Director of the National Labour and Economic Development Institute Richard Calland heads Idasa’s Economic Governance programme and is Executive Director of the Open Democracy Advice Centre. His book, Anatomy of South Africa: Who Holds the Power? was published by Zebra Press in 2006. Kenneth Creamer lectures at the School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand. Dr Omano Edigheji is Research Manager at the Centre for Policy Studies, Johannesburg. Professor Peter Evans is one of the world foremost scholars on the Role of the State in Development. He is a Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley, USA. Ebrahim Fakir is a Senior Researcher at the Centre for Policy Studies based in Johannesburg. Judith February is head of the Political Information and Monitoring Service (PIMS) at the Institute for Democracy in South Africa (Idasa) Professor Shadrack Gutto is Chair of African Renaissance Studies and Director of the Centre for African Renaissance Studies, University of South Africa; A constitutional and international law expert Professor Adam Habib is the Executive Director, Democracy and Governance Unit, Human Sciences Research Council. Professor Anton Harber is Caxton Professor of Journalism, University of the Witwatersrand Dr Kwandi Kondlo is a Senior Policy Research Associate at the Centre for Policy Studies Professor Chris Landsberg is Director, Centre