Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2011 Hospice Music Therapy Song Repertoire and Music Therapy Techniques Janelle A. Pierce Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MUSIC HOSPICE MUSIC THERAPY SONG REPERTOIRE AND MUSIC THERAPY TECHNIQUES By JANELLE PIERCE A Thesis submitted to the College of Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music Therapy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2011 The members of the committee approve the Thesis of Janelle Pierce defended on May 18, 2011. _______________________________________ Kimberly VanWeelden Professor Directing Thesis _______________________________________ Jayne Standley Committee Member _______________________________________ Dianne Gregory Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii I would like to dedicate this to my loving parents who have supported me throughout graduate school. They helped me realize that anything is possible if I set my mind to it. They believed in me and always encouraged me throughout my life. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to thank Dr. Kimberly VanWeelden for all of her guidance throughout this research project. Thank you for being so patient with me and taking time out of your busy schedule to help me. You made it possible for me to reach this far. I would also like to thank Dr. Standley and Prof. Gregory for being members of my committee and for also giving me so much knowledge on hospice care. The both of you inspired me to pursue a career in hospice. Lastly, I would like to thank all of my friends and family who supported me throughout this process. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ...................................................................................................................................v Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................vi 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................... 1 History of Hospice .........................................................................................................1 Interdisciplinary Team ...................................................................................................3 Music Therapy Services……………………………………………………………….3 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE.................................................................................................5 Interdisciplinary Team……………………………………………………………...…5 The Role of Music Therapy………………………………………………………….. 7 Repertoire ……………………………………………………………………………10 Need for the Study………………………………………………………….………..11 Purpose ………………………………………………………………………………11 Research Questions ……………………………………………………………….…11 Operational Definitions ……………………………………………………………..12 3. METHOD ………………………………………………………………………………..15 Participant Description ……………………………………………………………..15 Dependent Variable....................................................................................................15 Procedure ...................................................................................................................16 4. RESULTS …………………………………………………………………………………….19 Data Analysis for Research Question 1…………………………………………….19 Data Analysis for Research Question 2…………………………………………….25 Data Analysis for Research Question 3…………………………………………….26 Data Analysis for Research Question 4…………………………………………….30 Data Analysis for Research Question 5…………………………………………….31 Data Analysis for Research Question 6…………………………………………….36 Data Analysis for Research Question 7…………………………………………….37 Data Analysis for Research Question 8…………………………………………….40 v Data Analysis for Research Question 9………………………….…………………41 Data Analysis for Research Question 10…………………………………………...47 Data Analysis for Research Question 11………….………………………………..48 Data Analysis for Research Question 12…………………………………………...50 5. DISCUSSION…………………………………………….……………………………..…….55 Overview of All Recommended Repertoire……………………………….…….………55 Recommended Repertoire for the Genre of Oldies (popular music prior to 1950)……..56 Recommended Repertoire for the Genre of Religious/Spirituals…………………….....57 Recommended Repertoire for the Genre of Country/Western……………………….…58 Recommended Repertoire for the Genre of Musicals…………………………………..59 Recommended Repertoire for the Genre of Popular (popular music from 1950 to the present)………………………………………………………………………………….59 An Overlap in Music Therapy Repertoire………………………………………………60 Music Therapy Techniques Used By Hospice Music Therapists……………………….61 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………...…….62 APPENDICES…………………………….……………………………………………………..64 A Survey…………………………………………………………………………………………64 B Institutional Review Board Approval Letter………………….………………………...……..69 C Introductory Email………………...…………………………………………………………..72 D Informed Letter of Consent……………………………………………………………………74 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………..77 BIOLOGICAL SKETCH………………………………………………………………………...80 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Oldies (Popular music prior to 1950) Used By Hospice Music Therapists .....................19 Table 2: Mislabeled Songs Within the Oldies Genre .....................................................................24 Table 3: Top Ten Oldies (Popular music prior to 1950) Used Frequently By Hospice Music Therapists ..............................................................................................................................26 Table 4: Religious/Spiritual Songs Used By Hospice Music Therapists .......................................27 Table 5: Top Ten Oldies Religious/Spiritual Songs Used Frequently By Hospice Music Therapists ..............................................................................................................................31 Table 6: Country/Western Songs Used By Hospice Music Therapists.......................................... 32 Table 7: Mislabeled Songs Within the Country/Western Genre ....................................................35 Table 8: Top Ten Country/Western Songs Used Frequently By Hospice Music Therapists ..............................................................................................................................36 Table 9: Songs From Musicals Used By Hospice Music Therapists............................................. 37 Table 10: Mislabeled Songs Within the Musical Genre .................................................................40 Table 11: Top Ten Songs From Musicals Used Frequently By Hospice Music Therapists ..............................................................................................................................40 Table 12: Popular Songs (Popular music from 1950 to the present) Used By Hospice Music Therapists ..............................................................................................................................41 Table 13: Mislabeled Songs Within the Popular Genre .................................................................46 Table 14: Top Ten Popular Songs (Popular music from 1950 to the present) Used Frequently By Hospice Music Therapists .....................................................................................................47 Table 15: The Sum and the Percentage of use of the Music Therapy Techniques with Clients ....48 vii ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the repertoire and therapeutic techniques utilized by hospice music therapists. An electronic survey consisting of two sections was sent to 134 hospice music therapists through email. Of these, only 40 music therapists completed the survey, creating a return rate of 30%. The first section of the survey pertained to the songs music therapists use the most frequently in the following five genres: Oldies (popular music prior to 1950); Religious/ Spirituals; Country/Western; Musicals; and Popular (popular music from 1950 to the present). The second section of the survey compiled a list of 20 therapeutic techniques and the music therapists were asked to rate how frequently they use each technique. The results for this study revealed a total of 577 song recommendations for all five genres. The genres which received the most song recommendations were Popular (n = 146) and Oldies (n = 139). Additionally, results found all listed techniques, with the exception of one, were used by at least one music therapist to some degree within the hospice setting. Further results are discussed in the paper. viii CHAPTER 1 Introduction Hospice is not a place to die. On the contrary, the mission of all hospice services is to restore dignity to the patients, as well as provide the patients with a sense of fulfillment and closure. Hospice is an establishment dedicated to helping those who have a life-limiting illness, meaning that instead of receiving aggressive treatment, the patient will receive care that will increase their quality of life. According to the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (2010), the Hospice patient's interdisciplinary team treat the patient's physical pain, as well as their emotional and spiritual pain. Although the hospice movement began in England during the early 1960s, the concept of hospice can be dated back to the 7th century in ancient Greece. History of Hospice In Ancient Greece, wandering strangers could seek refuge in the homes of kind strangers