JAERI-Tech KEK Report99-4 99-056 JHF-99-3 THE JOINT PROJECT FOR HIGH-INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATORS August 1999 The Joint Project Team of JAERI and KEK Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Mi, u , H*m-{-Jjbmpmftmmutmmmm (1=319-1195 hx, is to This report is issued irregularly. Inquiries about availability of the reports should be addressed to Research Information Division, Department of Intellectual Resources, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 319-1195, Japan. ©Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1999 JAERI-Tech 99-056 KEK Report 99-4 JHF-99-3 The Joint Project for High-Intensity Proton Accelerators The Joint Project Team of JAERI and KEK* Center for Neutron Science Tokai Research Establishment Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken (Received July 1,1999) Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) and the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) agreed to promote the joint project integrating both the Neutron Science Project (NSP) of JAERI and the Japan Hadron Facility Project (JHF) of KEK for comprehensive studies on basic science and technology using high-intensity proton accelerator. This document describes the joint proposal prepared by the Joint Project Team of JAERI and KEK to construct accelerators and research facilities necessary both for the NSP and the JHF at the site of JAERI Tokai Establishment. Keywords : Joint Project, High-Intensity Proton Accelerator, Spallation Neutron Source, Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics, Hadron, Neutrino, Neutron Science, Structural Biology, Material Science, Muon Science, Exotic Nuclear Beams, Nuclear Waste Transmutation •XM.Furusaka*, R.Hino, Y.Ikeda, H.Ikezoe, J.Imazato* Y.Kuno* Y.Miyake* •ju 4< "k "k H.Miyatake , M.Mizumoto, Y.Mori , T.Mukaiyama, T.Nagae , K.Nagamine , S.Nagamiya , N.Niimura, T.Nomura , Y.Oyama, N.Sasamoto, S.Sawada , T.Shibata* H.Takano, M.Takasaki* N.Watanabe, Y.Yamazaki* and H.Yokomizo *: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) JAERl-Tech 99-056 KEK Report 994 JHF-99-3 (19 9 r - <t t KP : =r319 1195 tf 01$* JAERl-Tech 99-056 The Joint Project for High-Intensity Proton Accelerators 23-April-1999 The Joint Project Team of JAERI and KEK JAERI-Tech 99-056 This document was compiled and edited by M.Furusaka2>, R.Hino0, Y.Dceda", H.flcezoe", J.Imazato2', Y.Kuno2), Y.Miyake2), H.Miyatake2), M.Mizumoto", Y.Mori2), T.Mukaiyama0, T.Nagae2), K.Nagamine2), S.Nagamiya2), N.Niimura0, T.Nomura2), Y.Oyama", N.Sasamoto", S.Sawada2), T.Shibata2), H.Takano15, M.Takasaki2), N.Watanabe^, Y.Yamazaki2), and H.Yokomizo0. 1): Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) 2): High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) JAERITech 99-056 CONTENTS 1 OVERVIEW OF THE JOINT PROJECT 1 1.1 THE HIGHEST BEAM POWER IN THE WORLD 1 1.2 ORIGINAL PROPOSALS AT JAERI AND KEK 1 1.2.1 Neutron Science Project at JAERI 1 1.2.2 Japan Hadron Facility (JHF) Project at KEK 3 1.3 ACCELERATORS AND SCIENCE IN THE JOINT PROJECT 4 1.4 ORGANIZATION 6 1.5 INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY 6 1.6 SITE SELECTION 7 2 RESEARCH FACILITIES AND PROGRAMS 8 2.1 PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS 8 2.1.1 Overview 8 2.1.2 Nuclear Physics 10 a. Hypernuclear Spectroscopy 10 b. Vector Mesons in Nuclei 11 c. Hyperon-Nucleon Scattering 11 d. Hadron Spectroscopy 12 2.1.3 Particle Physics 12 a. Rare K Decays 12 b. Studies of Fundamental Symmetries 12 c. Lepton Flavor Violation 13 d. Neutrino Oscillation 14 e. Fundamental Physics with Neutrons 14 2.1.4 Summary 75 2.2 NEUTRON SCIENCE 17 2.2.1 Introduction 17 2.2.2 Neutron Science 18 a. Overview of Neutron Science 18 b. Structual Biology 19 c. Soft Matter 20 d. Materials Science 21 e. Industrial Applications 22 2.2.3 Neutron Facility 23 a. Overview of Neutron Facility 23 b. Neutron Intensity and Pulse Structure 23 c. Neutron Source R&D 25 (1) JAERl-Tech 99-056 d. Guide line for Spectrometer Design 26 e. User Support Program 26 2.3 MUON SCIENCE 28 2.3.1 Overview 28 2.3.2 Facility Proposal 28 2.3.3 Muon Spin Probe for Condensed Matter Studies 29 2.3.4 Ultra-Slow /J* Source and its Application 31 2.3.5 Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Muonic Atoms 31 2.4 SCIENCE WITH EXOTIC NUCLEAR BEAMS 33 2.4.1 Overview 33 2.4.2 Some Research Subjects 34 a. Reaction mechanism of neutron-rich nuclei 34 b. Study of superheavy elements 34 c. Muonic atoms of unstable nuclei 35 d. Nuclear Astrophysics 35 e. Atom-at-a-time chemistry for heavy elements 35 f. Materials Science 36 2.5 NUCLEAR WASTE TRANSMUTATION 37 2.5.1 Overview 37 2.5.2 Concept of Transmutation System 38 2.5.3 Accelerator-Driven Transmutation Plant 39 2.5.4 Technical Issues for Demonstration of ADS 41 2.5.5 Experimental Facilities for ADS Technology Demonstration 42 2.5.6 International collaboration for ADS development 45 3 ACCELERATOR 47 3.1 INTRODUCTION 47 3.2 ACCELERATOR SCHEME 48 3.3 LINAC 52 3.4 LATTICE DESIGN 60 3.4.1 50-GeV Synchrotron 60 3.4.2 3-GeW Synchrotron 63 3.5 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR THE SYNCHROTRONS 64 3.6 CONCLUSION 67 4 RADIATION SAFETY 69 5 FUTURE EXTENSION OF THE PROJECT 71 5.1 PURPOSE OF THE PHASE 2 UPGRADE 71 (2) JAERI-Tech 99-056 5.2 ACCELERATORS FROM 1 MWTO5 MW 71 5.3 EXAMPLES OF OTHER UPGRADES 74 5.3.7 Particle and Nuclear Physics at Phase 2 74 5.3.2 Neutron Science at Phase 2 75 5.3.3 Muon Science at Phase 2 77 (3) 99-056 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT 1 Overview of the Joint Project 1.1 The Highest Beam Power in the World This document describes a new proposal to pursue frontier science in particle physics, nuclear physics, materials science, life science, and nuclear technology, using a new proton accelerator complex at the highest beam power in the world. The plan has been discussed and it is proposed jointly by the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) under the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture (Monbusho) and the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institution (JAERI) under the Science and Technology Agency (STA). Previously, these institutions proposed the Japan Hadron Facility (JHF) at KEK and the Neutron Science Project (NSP) at JAERI, respectively. The present new joint plan, temporarily called the "Joint Project", is based on these two past proposals. It is also proposed that accelerators of this Joint Project be constructed at the JAERI site. The frontiers of accelerator science are in two complimentary directions. One path is towards the highest beam energy, examples for which are LEP (electron + positron collider at 100 GeV each), RHIC (Au + Au collider at 100 GeV per nucleon each), and LHC (proton + antiproton collider at 7 TeV each). The major purpose of these energy-frontier accelerators is to hunt for new particles, for example, in particle physics. The other path is towards the highest beam power. Many new accelerators are based on this philosophy, such as high- intensity electron accelerators that provide intense synchrotron radiation sources. In proton accelerators, the high beam power allows production of a variety of intense secondary particle beams such as kaons, neutrons, muons, neutrinos, antiprotons, and short-lived radioactive nuclear beams. In nuclear and particle physics, an example using these secondary beams is to measure rare processes such as neutrino oscillations and CP violation. In addition, sciences and technologies other than particle and nuclear physics can be carried out by using these secondary beams. These sciences and technologies include a) materials and life sciences with neutron and muon beams, b) accelerator-driven nuclear transmutation of long-lived nuclides in nuclear waste, and c) astrophysics research using radioactive isotope beams. The present proposal represents a major step in the direction of the intensity frontier. 1.2 Original Proposals at JAERI and KEK Before describing the Joint Proposal, the two original proposals are described in this section. 1.2.1 Neutron Science Project at JAERI The Neutron Science Project at JAERI aimed at construction of the world's most powerful spallation neutron source and research facility complex to enhance basic sciences and the accelerator application for transmutation of long-lived nuclides associated with nuclear power generation. The major facilities would be a superconducting proton linac, a 5- MW target station allowing neutron pulses for neutron scattering research, and research facilities for accelerator-driven transmutation technology, neutron physics, materials irradiation, and spallation radioactive ion (RI) beam production for exotic nuclei science. - 1 - OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT JAERi-Tech 99-056 With an initial power level of 1.5 MW (1.5 GeV, 1mA) on target with the pulse mode, the superconducting linear accelerator complex would be expanded to 8 MW (5 MW) with cw mode (pulse mode), including a test facility with thermal power of 30 MW for demonstrating accelerator-driven transmutation technology. Since one of the major technical challenges of a high-current accelerator resides in the low-energy section, JAERI has been carrying out R&D for ion source, RFQ, and DTL since 1990. In a recent beam test with a 150 mA (peak) ion source and a 2-MeV RFQ, the peak current of 70 mA with a duty factor of 8% was achieved. A hot test model of a DTL for mock-up of the low-energy portion (2 MeV to 100 MeV) was fabricated and tested for high- power and high-duty (50%) operation. Another challenge is the development of a super- conducting linac for accelerating protons.