Contents i Using Linux Fourth Edition ii Special Edition Using Linux Contents iii Using Linux Fourth Edition Jack Tackett, Jr. Steve Burnett iv Special Edition Using Linux Special Edition Using Linux EXECUTIVE EDITOR Jeff Koch Copyright © 1999 by Que Corporation All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored ACQUISITIONS EDITOR in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, me- Jane Brownlow chanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written DEVELOPMENT permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although EDITORS every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the Mark Cierzniak publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omis- Kate Shoup Welsh sions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. International Standard Book Number: 0-7897-1746-8 MANAGING EDITOR Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 98-85654 Sarah Kearns Printed in the United States of America PROJECT EDITOR First Printing: September, 1998 Christopher Morris 01 00 99 4 3 2 1 COPY EDITOR Audra McFarland INDEXER Trademarks Craig Small All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks TECHNICAL EDITOR or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Que Corpora- tion cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term Eric C. Richardson in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any SOFTWARE trademark or service mark. DEVELOPMENT SPECIALIST Warning and Disclaimer Jack Belbot PRODUCTION Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as Steve Balle-Gifford accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The Maribeth Echard information provided is on an “as is” basis. The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person Megan Wade or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the infor- mation contained in this book or from the use of the CDs or pro- grams accompanying it. Contents v Contents at a Glance Introduction 1 I Installing Linux 1 Understanding Linux 13 2 Linux Installation Overview 29 3 Installing Red Hat 57 4 Installing Caldera OpenLinux Lite 87 5 Running Linux Applications 105 6 Upgrading and Installing Software with RPM 145 II System Administration 7 Understanding System Administration 163 8 Using the vi Editor 177 9 Booting and Shutting Down 205 10 Managing User Accounts 219 11 Backing Up Data 225 12 Improving System Security 235 13 Configuring the Linux Kernel 253 III Managing the File System 14 Managing File Systems 265 15 Using Samba 291 16 Understanding the File and Directory System 303 17 Managing Files and Directories 317 IV Working with Linux 18 Understanding Linux Shells 337 19 Managing Multiple Processes 381 20 Printing 405 21 Installing the X Windows System 421 22 Using X Windows 439 V Network Administration 23 Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite 463 24 Configuring a TCP/IP Network 483 vi Special Edition Using Linux 25 Configuring Domain Name Service 501 26 Configuring Electronic Mail 517 27 Configuring a Usenet News Service 517 28 Using the emacs Editor 539 VI Using the Internet 29 Using SLIP and PPP 561 30 Accessing the Network with telnet, ftp, and the r- Commands 577 31 Surfing the Internet with the World Wide Web 595 32 Creating Web Documents with HTML 609 33 Using Electronic Mail 629 34 Surviving Usenet News 655 VII Setting Up a Linux Web Server 35 Getting Started with Apache 671 36 Configuring Apache 683 37 Managing an Internet Web Server 709 VIII Appendixes A Sources of Information 721 B The Linux HOWTO Index 729 C The Linux Hardware Compatibility HOWTO 745 D The GNU General Public License 799 E Installing StarOffice 807 F What’s on the CD-ROM 823 Index 827 Contents vii Table of Contents Introduction 1 The Commercial Side of Linux 22 Commercial Programs from Red Hat 22 Who Should Use This Book? 3 Commercial Programs from Caldera 22 Who Should Not Use This Book? 4 A Brief History of Linux 23 Hardware Needed to Use This Book 4 AT&T 23 BSD 24 How to Use This Book 6 USL 24 Part I: Installing Linux 6 XENIX, SunOS, and AIX 24 Part II: System Administration 6 Linux 25 Part III: Managing the File System 7 Part IV: Working with Linux 7 Who Owns Linux? 26 Part V: Network Administration 8 From Here… 27 Part VI: Using the Internet 8 Part VII: Setting Up a Linux Web 2 Linux Installation Overview 29 Server 8 Appendixes 9 Understanding Linux’s Hardware Requirements 30 Conventions Used in This Book 9 The System’s CPU 31 The System’s Bus 31 Memory Needs 31 I Installing Linux Disk Drives and Space Requirements 32 1 Understanding Linux 13 Monitor Requirements 33 CD-ROMs 34 What Is Linux? 14 Network Access 35 Why Use Linux? 15 Miscellaneous Hardware 36 Linux Distributions 16 Starting the Installation Process 37 Advantages of Using Linux 17 Understanding the Various Installation Open Systems Portability 17 Methods 38 Applications 18 Compiling Needed information 39 Advantages for Computer Creating the Boot and Supplemental Professionals 18 Disks 41 Education 18 Partitioning Your Hard Drive 42 Hackers 19 Understanding Partitions 42 Disadvantages of Using Linux 19 Using FDISK 43 Lack of Technical Support 20 Repartitioning Your DOS Drive 44 Hardware Problems 20 Using the Linux fdisk Program 47 Inability to Use Current Software 20 Adding the Necessary Partition 50 Lack of Experience 21 Troubleshooting Problems 52 Overcoming the Disadvantages 21 Disappearing Disadvantages 22 From Here… 56 viii Special Edition Using Linux 3 Installing Red Hat 57 Installing Linux 91 Using a Previous Configuration 91 Starting the Installation Process 58 Configuring LISA 92 Understanding the Various Installation Probing for Hardware 92 Methods 59 Preparing the Hard Disks 94 Compiling Needed Information 60 Using the Linux fdisk Program 95 Creating the Boot, Supplemental, and Adding the Necessary Partition 97 Rescue Disks 61 Creating the Swap Partition 99 Installing the Linux System 62 Installing the Linux Software System 99 Using the Linux fdisk Program 67 Configuring Your System 100 Adding the Necessary Partition 70 Creating the Swap Partition 72 Installing LILO 101 Using Disk Druid 73 Uninstalling LILO 101 Installing the Software Components 75 Going Back to the Beginning 102 Configuring Your System 77 Resolving Problems 102 Configuring Your Network 79 From Here… 103 Configuring the TCP/IP Network 79 Configuring the Clock 79 5 Running Linux Applications 105 Selecting the Services to Start on Reboot 80 Maneuvering Through Linux 106 Selecting Your Root Password 82 Entering Commands 106 Installing LILO 82 Recalling Command History 106 Installing Red Hat Linux on DEC Making Selections 107 Alphas 83 Completing Commands 107 Using Supported Alpha Hardware 83 Managing Users 107 Creating the Boot and Root Disks 84 Logging In and Out 108 Installing the Main Red Hat Adding Users Under Slackware 108 Distribution 85 Adding Users with Red Hat 111 Going Back to the Beginning 85 Using Red Hat’s Control Panel to Manage Users 111 Troubleshooting Problems 86 Changing Passwords 113 From Here… 86 Using Basic Commands 114 Getting Help for Commands with 4 Installing Caldera OpenLinux man 114 Lite 87 Using Directory-Manipulation Commands 114 What You Need to Install Linux 88 Using File-Manipulation Commands 116 Installation 89 Dealing with DOS Files Under Linux 118 Making the Preparations 89 Shutting Down Linux 119 Preparing the Installation Floppies 90 Creating the Install and Modules Running Linux Programs 120 Disks 90 Using the workbone CD Player 120 Using the sc Spreadsheet Calculator 121 Contents ix Using the bc Calculator 122 II System Administration Using the minicom Telecommunications Package 122 7 Understanding System Playing Games 124 Administration 163 Tetris 124 Dungeon 125 Understanding the Importance of Proper Trek 125 Administration 164 Running DOS Programs Under Linux 127 Understanding Multiuser Concepts 165 Installing DOSEMU 127 Understanding Centralized-Processing Configuring DOSEMU 127 Systems 166 Running DOSEMU 134 Elements of the Centralized-Processing Running Windows Programs Under Model 167 Linux 143 Understanding Distributed-Processing From Here… 144 Systems 168 Elements of the Distributed-Processing 6 Upgrading and Installing Software Model 169 Topologies 170 with RPM 145 Understanding the Client/Server Understanding Key Terms Used in This Model 171 Chapter 146 Performing Administration in a Networked Understanding the Politics of Environment 172 Upgrading 147 Defining the Role of the Network Installing Software 147 Administrator 172 Understanding the System Understanding Hardware and Software Administrator’s Job 148 Issues 172 Using the Red Hat Package Manager 149 Performing Common Networking Locating Packages 150 Administrative Tasks 173 Installing Packages with RPM 150 Training the Administrator 175 Uninstalling Packages with RPM 151 From Here… 176 Updating Packages with RPM 152 Querying Packages with RPM 152 8 Using the vi Editor 177 Verifying Packages with RPM 153 Installing Non-Linux Software 154 Introducing vi 178 Reviewing File Permissions 157 What Is vi? 179 Solving Problems 157 Understanding the Editing Process 180 Removing Applications 158 Using vi 181 Upgrading Your Kernel 158 Looking at vi’s Two Modes 182 Creating Your First vi File 182 From Here… 159 Starting vi by Using an Existing File 183 Exiting vi 184 Undoing a Command 186 Writing Files and Saving the Buffer 187 x Special Edition Using Linux Positioning