Japan International Cooperation Agency The Research on Practical Approach for Urban Transport Planning Final Report December 2011 Japan International Cooperation Agency ALMEC Corporation PREFACE The Japan International Cooperation Agency has supported urban transportation planning activities in more than 60 cities mainly in Asian countries by conducting studies on master plan formulation and feasibility studies. Many of the proposals suggested in these studies have been implemented through Japanese yen loans and grant aid, as well as by the respective countries, the private sector, and other donor agencies. Now, Japan is highly expected to participate in urban planning with more strategies to develop proposals into projects for the promotion of infrastructure through international cooperation as indicated in the government’s Plan for Growth which started in 2010. For this purpose, this study was designed to review cross-sectoral information which are available from existing studies and documents, thereby contributing to the formulation of medium- and long-term development strategies in urban transportation which are in accordance with prevailing urban socio-economic conditions in subject cities. The team headed by Mr. Tetsuo Wakui of ALMEC Corporation conducted the study on cities in Japan, India, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Besides the field work, discussions were held four times with study advisors, Dr. Tetsuro Hyodo, professor at the Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, and Dr. Sinya Hanaoka, associate professor at the Graduate School of Science and Engineering of the Tokyo Institute of Technology. I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of development assistance in urban transportation planning worldwide. Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the concerned agencies and their personnel for their cooperation and the support they extended to the study. December 2011 KONISHI Atsufumi Director, Economic Infrastructure Department Japan International Cooperation Agency The Research on Practical Approach for Urban Transport Planning FINAL REPORT SUMMARY The Research on Practical Approach for Urban Transport Planning Final Report S u m m a r y Table of Contents 1. Outline of the Study................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Backgrounds....................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Purpose of the Study .......................................................................................................................1 1.3 Scope of the Study...........................................................................................................................2 1) Study Area.......................................................................................................................................2 2) Selection of Cities for the Study......................................................................................................2 1.4 Organization for the Study ..............................................................................................................3 1.5 Cautionary Notes on the Study Findings.........................................................................................4 2. Typological Analysis of Cities ................................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Global Trends of Urban Agglomerations ........................................................................................5 1) Indices and Distribution of Urban Agglomerations.........................................................................5 2) Urbanization Trends Relevant to Strategy Formulation..................................................................7 2.2 Urban Transportation and City Types..............................................................................................9 1) Current Urban Situations and Traffic Patterns ................................................................................9 2.3 Conditions for Introducing a Mass Transit System ....................................................................... 11 1) Development Phase of Urban Economy and Metro and/or BRT Operation.................................. 11 2) Estimating Future Prospects for Starting Metro or BRT Operation ..............................................13 3. Review on Urban Transport Strategy .................................................................................................................16 3.1 Definition of Urban Transport Strategy.........................................................................................16 3.2 Review on Urban Transport Strategy ............................................................................................17 1) Compilation of Database from JICA Master Plan Studies ............................................................17 2) Review on Urban Transport Strategy ............................................................................................18 3.3 Urban Transport Projects Proposed in the Master Plans ...............................................................19 3.4 Classification of Urban Transport Problems .................................................................................20 4. Guidelines for Urban Transport Strategy Formulation..................................................................................22 4.1 Collection of Data for Strategy Formulation.................................................................................23 1) How to Compile Necessary Information.......................................................................................23 4.2 Diagnosis of Urban Traffic Problems............................................................................................24 1) Diagnoses of Urban Traffic Problems ...........................................................................................25 2) Examples of Rating Application....................................................................................................25 4.3 Prescriptions for Urban Transport Problems .................................................................................26 1) Prescribed Measures for Transport Problems: Relative Importance of Subsectors.......................26 2) Examples of Application ...............................................................................................................27 4.4 Choices on Basic Components of Urban Transport Strategy ........................................................29 1) Public Transport Modes and Their Characteristics........................................................................29 2) Case Study.....................................................................................................................................31 3) Verification of Guidelines for Formulating Urban Transport Strategy..........................................32 4.5 How to Utilize the Proposed Guidelines .......................................................................................33 1) Application to JICA Technical Cooperation Program...................................................................33 2) Useful Application in Other Types of JICA Projects.....................................................................34 3) Next Steps .....................................................................................................................................34 i The Research on Practical Approach for Urban Transport Planning FINAL REPORT SUMMARY A p p e n d i x Table 1 Cities selected for strategy formulation............................................................................ (ii) Figure 1 Diagnosis of Urban Transportation Problems in Cities Worldwide.................................(iii) Figure 2 Prescriptions of Urban Transportation Problems in Cities Worldwide............................. (v) List of Tables Table 1.1 Steps of Selecting Cities and Expected Outputs..................................................................2 Table 1.2 List of Urban Databases ......................................................................................................3 Table 2.1 Classificatory Categories for Typological Analysis of Urban Agglomerations...................5 Table 2.2 Cities of 1 Million or more in Population (398 cities) ........................................................7 Table 2.3 Situations in 65 JICA-studied Cities ...................................................................................8 Table 2.4 Relationships between Urban Transport and Three Indices ................................................9 Table 2.5 Strategic Timing for Introducing a Metro System.............................................................14 Table 2.6 Strategic Timing for Starting BRT Operation....................................................................15 Table 3.1 18 JICA-studied Cities for Database Compilation ............................................................17 Table 3.2 Data Items for Compilation...............................................................................................18 Table 3.3 Classified Urban Transport Problems in JICA-studied Cities ...........................................20 Table 4.1 Data Sheets and Procedure for Data Collection