Guide to Traffic Management Part 3: Transport Study and Analysis Methods Sydney 2020 Guide to Traffic Management Part 3: Transport Study and Analysis Methods Edition 4.0 prepared by: David Green and Kenneth Lewis, Ann-Marie Publisher Head, Jeanette Ward and Cameron Munro Austroads Ltd. Level 9, 287 Elizabeth Street Edition 4.0 project managers: Richard Delplace and Robyn Davies Sydney NSW 2000 Australia Abstract Phone: +61 2 8265 3300 Austroads’ Guide to Traffic Management has 13 parts and provides [email protected] comprehensive coverage of traffic management guidance for practitioners www.austroads.com.au involved in traffic engineering, road design, town planning and road safety. About Austroads Guide to Traffic Management Part 3: Transport Study and Analysis Methods is concerned with the collection and analysis of traffic data for the purpose of Austroads is the peak organisation of Australasian traffic management and traffic control within a network. It serves to ensure road transport and traffic agencies. some degree of consistency in conducting traffic studies and surveys. It Austroads’ purpose is to support our member provides guidance on the different types of traffic studies and surveys that organisations to deliver an improved Australasian can be undertaken, their use and application, and methods for traffic data road transport network. To succeed in this task, we collection and analysis. undertake leading-edge road and transport research Part 3 covers applications of the theory presented in Part 2 of the Guide, and which underpins our input to policy development and provides guidance on traffic analysis for uninterrupted and interrupted flow published guidance on the design, construction and facilities and for various types of intersections. It outlines sound methods of management of the road network and its associated analysis for effective traffic management, design and control. infrastructure. Austroads provides a collective approach that Keywords delivers value for money, encourages shared Traffic management, road network, data collection, data analysis, field study, knowledge and drives consistency for road users. speed, origin-destination, level of service, traffic capacity, traffic flow, Austroads is governed by a Board consisting of intersection, unsignalised intersection, roundabout, signalised intersection. senior executive representatives from each of its eleven member organisations: Edition 4.0 published in April 2020 • Transport for NSW • New name and introduction to better reflect the content. • Department of Transport Victoria • Section 2 added and contains content regarding transport studies and • Queensland Department of Transport and Main analysis which were originally part of Section 1. Roads • Section 5.2 introduces TRAffic on Rural Roads (TRARR). • Main Roads Western Australia The content relating to planning and designing for pedestrians has been • updated to reflect good practice. Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure South Australia Edition 3.1 published March 2018 • Department of State Growth Tasmania Edition 3.0 published November 2017 • Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Logistics Northern Territory Edition 2.0 published April 2013 • Transport Canberra and City Services Edition 1.0 published August 2009 Directorate, Australian Capital Territory • Department of Infrastructure, Transport, ISBN 978-1-925854-77-0 Regional Development and Communications Austroads Project No. NTM6100 and NTM6118 Pages 222 • Australian Local Government Association Austroads Publication No. AGTM03-20 • New Zealand Transport Agency. © Austroads Ltd 2020 | This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without the prior written permission of Austroads. Acknowledgements First edition prepared by David Bennett, Rod Troutbeck, Peter Croft, David McTiernan, Agasteena Shah and project managed by John Erceg. Second edition prepared by Clarissa Han and James Luk and project managed by Steve Brown. Third edition prepared by Clarissa Han, Ian Espada, Glenn Geers and Reza Mohajerpoor and project managed by Chris Ray. This Guide is produced by Austroads as a general guide only. Austroads has taken care to ensure that this publication is correct at the time of publication. Austroads does not make any representations or warrant that the Guide is free from error, is current, or, where used, will ensure compliance with any legislative, regulatory or general law requirements. Austroads expressly disclaims all and any guarantees, undertakings and warranties, expressed or implied, and is not liable, including for negligence, for any loss (incidental or consequential), injury, damage or any other consequences arising directly or indirectly from the use of this Guide. Where third party information is contained in this Guide, it is included with the consent of the third party and in good faith. It does not necessarily reflect the considered views of Austroads Readers should rely on their own skill, care and judgement to apply the information contained in this Guide and seek professional advice regarding their particular issues. Guide to Traffic Management Part 3: Transport Study and Analysis Methods Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Purpose .................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Intended User ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 How to Use ............................................................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Scope ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.5 Out of scope ............................................................................................................................................. 5 2. Transport Studies and Analysis Overview .......................................................................................... 6 3. Traffic Studies and Surveys .................................................................................................................. 8 3.1 Traffic Studies and Data Needs ............................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Planning and Designing Traffic Studies ................................................................................................... 9 3.2.1 Systems Approach to Traffic Studies ......................................................................................... 9 3.2.2 Preliminary Planning ................................................................................................................. 10 3.2.3 Sample and Experimental Design ............................................................................................ 12 3.2.4 Survey Form Design ................................................................................................................. 12 3.2.5 Pilot Survey ............................................................................................................................... 12 3.2.6 Conducting Surveys ................................................................................................................. 12 3.2.7 Data Coding and Entry ............................................................................................................. 13 3.2.8 Data Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 14 3.2.9 Presentation of Results ............................................................................................................ 14 3.2.10 Archiving ................................................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Statistical Methods and Sampling .......................................................................................................... 15 3.3.1 Statistical Methods ................................................................................................................... 15 3.3.2 Sampling Methods .................................................................................................................... 15 3.3.3 Sampling Error and Bias ........................................................................................................... 17 3.3.4 Sample Size Determination ...................................................................................................... 18 3.4 Data Integrity .......................................................................................................................................... 19 3.5 Traffic Surveys........................................................................................................................................ 20 3.5.1 Traffic Volume Surveys (Appendix A) ...................................................................................... 21 3.5.2 Speed Surveys (Appendix B) ................................................................................................... 21 3.5.3 Travel Time,